Latin For Mountain Men

A short course in practical Latin


Introduction

Ave amice. Here are two dozen short lessons on learning Latin designed for "mountain men" (and women: montani montanaeque), engineers, philosophers, and anyone else looking for entertainment and with lots of free time by the campfire. My course is quite different from Peter Jones' Learn Latin (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1997), but it is just as devoted to interesting you in Latin. If my course doesn't please, by all means have a look at Jones' book, which is published by, and available at, Barnes and Noble in the US. Elsewhere on this site, I have suggestions for the more formal study of Latin and Greek. There is also a huge amount of material available to you on the web and elsewhere.

Another excellent supplement is Alexander and Nicholas Humez's Latin for People--Latina pro Populo (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1976). The best aspects of this book are its vocabulary, that answers are given to all the exercises, and its witty presentation. Bears populate the earlier lessons, as in this account. Unfortunately, there is no actual classical Latin in it, and the exercises include such useful phrases as: "A chamber pot is not a suitable place for a pear tree." Nevertheless, such exercises are entertaining and useful, though I do not use them very much. All long vowels are marked, which I do not do because it is inconvenient in HTML, and also because real Latin does not do it. The authors also give explanations in terms of Indo-European, an imaginary language, which are worth reading but should be taken with a grain of salt. The brothers Humez also claim the genitive plural of mare is marium, which it ought to be according to modern linguists' rules, but is not. Marum is the only attested form.

As Alexander Humez will inform you, Latin is an Indo-European language, and gives a kind of history that is often elaborated, but is pure wind. Linguists would almost claim to know the Indo-European flag, and the history of its people, but there is really nothing there, not even the Caucasian origin of the race. All that they have are existing (including classical) languages, and from this they construct fables about how they must have originated, like the tale of how the elephant got his trunk. It is a good story, with much intelligent reasoning, but it is just a story and one can learn no causes from it. No Indo-European survives, and no appropriate wanderings are historically attested. Scraps of information are swept together into a heap that it is hoped will pass for a science. How languages change with time is especially obscure, though what is well-described. The Romans thought Latin descended from Greek, but it did not, it is merely cognate. Modern "romance" languages are not evolved forms of Latin, but created languages that existed in parallel with Latin. Each has its peculiar ontogeny, which is mainly unknown. Anglo-Saxon is a Germanic language, but English, not being Anglo-Saxon or any evolution of it, is not. English was created by people who spoke Anglo-Saxon (and other tongues), however, so the similarity is not unreasonable. In fact, such classifications are largely useless and devoid of meaning. At least so I believe.

My explicit aim in this course is to enable you to decipher short Latin phrases, such as the Latin names, abbreviations, and nomenclature in biology, astronomy, medicine, law, and scholarly work. I can't help but mention that school and scholar are from Greek schole, spare time, and that student is from studium, zeal. These lessons are meant to be done in your spare time, and enjoyed. I don't expect you to memorize, but only to recognize, and look up if you don't. I explain some tricks about learning, including some things students do that are perfectly useless for the purpose, besides being unpleasant.

I have used real Latin, written by native speakers, throughout the course, rather than the doubtful stuff created by our contemporaries, especially me. Toward the end of the course there are some more extended selections from authors not usually included in Latin courses, the engineers Vitruvius and Frontinus, who are both educated and intelligent men with interesting things to say. A song from Carmina Burana is translated, that you can hear sung in Latin in a recent CD by Charlotte Church. I have made a special effort to show you the power and beauty of Latin by these examples. Latin has existed for about three millenia, and has changed steadily, but has remained Latin. The Latin in these lessons is that of the first century, regarded by those whose opinions may be valued as the purest and most pleasing, which is why it is called classic.

You need nothing else than these lessons, and a little enthusiasm, to learn serious Latin. An almost essential reference for any further work is a Latin dictionary, and a small one will do excellently. I have Langenscheidt's Pocket Latin Dictionary myself for daily use. You should write a lot; this is a help to learning--it is not just making a record, and is extremely profitable. Keep some kind of notebook. It is better to study regularly in small amounts, say an hour, than to study long hours at widely separated times. The reason is once again in the way we learn. It need hardly be said that I have only included here what I think is most important for the time and effort available, and for the aims of the course.

In April 2001 the course was revised, and many errors and misprints were corrected. I have recently revised the Greek and Euclid pages elsewhere on this site with help from an interested person, and have been appalled at the number of errors and misprints that he discovered that got by me. That course is now in pretty good shape, and I hope that Latin for Mountain Men could also be less erroneous. If you notice any errors or misprints, I would be grateful to hear about them, together with any suggestions you may have for improvements.

The name of the course, which is rather frivolous, actually seems to appeal to some people, so I shall retain it, and try to use it to make the course more entertaining. These pages are straight text, and may be viewed with little loss by means of a text browser, such as Lynx. I have resisted the temptation to use hypertext or graphics in the lessons, in order to keep things as simple as possible, and to allow the pages to be printed out easily. The Latin is given in boldface, to make it stand out. Declensions and conjugations are put in tables, and I do not know what Lynx would make of these. If I find interesting graphics, I will make them available elsewhere.

The Lessons

  1. Encouragement and the Plan (Plautus)
  2. Verbs and the First Conjugation (Plautus)
  3. Nouns and the First Declension (Vulgate)
  4. Adjectives and the Second Declension (diploma)
  5. Prepositions, Adverbs, and Conjunctions (Juvenal)
  6. Review and Pronunciation (Sallust)
  7. Third Declension (Terence)
  8. This, That, and Who (Vergil)
  9. Questions (Vergil)
  10. Word Transformations (Cicero)
  11. Passive Thoughts (Caesar)
  12. Review and Deponents (Cicero)
  13. More Nouns (US Money)
  14. More Verbs (Horace)
  15. Numbers (Caesar)
  16. Comparisons (Livy)
  17. Ablative Absolute and Some Irregulars (Suetonius)
  18. Review and Final Sentences (Cicero)
  19. Syntax
  20. Professional Latin
  21. Carmina Burana
  22. Vitruvius
  23. Frontinus
  24. Vale Atque Ave
  25. Index
  26. Appendix I: Overview of Verb Conjugation


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Composed by J. B. Calvert
Created June 1999
Last revised 21 July 2002