Practical Casino Math (2nd ed., 2005)

Named one of the top seven books that every casino executive should have in his or her library, this book presents the mathematics underlying casino games, provides a precise account of the odds associated with the games, and describes the role of mathematics in casino gaming management. A primary goal is to allow the reader to understand how and why casino games produce revenue. Topics include basic principles of probability, odds, expectation, house advantage, common casino measurements, the law of averages, price setting using game odds, gaming regulations, standards for fairness, player worth, complimentaries, and rebate programs. All major casino games are explained and relevant mathematics illustrated. No formal background in mathematics is necessary, although comfort with basic quantitative reasoning is helpful. The main intended audience is casino managers, or potential managers, but this book will serve as a valuable reference for anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of casino games and the use of mathematics in gaming management practice.

Practical Casino Math is published by the Institute for the Study of Gambling & Commercial Gaming, University of Nevada, Reno.

The Authors
Robert C. Hannum, Ph.D. is Professor of Statistics at the University of Denver, where he teaches probability and statistics with special interests in gambling theory and commercial gaming. Hannum is recognized as a leading expert in casino mathematics, acts as a consultant to the gaming industry, and is frequently quoted in national and international media on the mathematics of gambling and the commercial gaming industry. Hannum has published in numerous scholarly journals and gaming industry publications.
Anthony N. Cabot is a partner in the law firm of Lewis and Roca, and head of the gaming law practices for that office in Las Vegas. Cabot is acknowledged as one of the leading authorities on casino law and Internet gambling, with seven editions of the annual Internet Gambling Report in print as well as numerous other books, including International Casino Law, Nevada Gaming Law, and Federal Gambling Law. Cabot is an adjunct professor at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, and the University of Houston.

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Contents

1. Brief History of Gambling

·     Early History of Gaming

·     U.S. Gaming Revenue: 10-Year Trends

2. Mathematical Theory for Casino Games

·     Probability and Odds

·     Permutations and Combinations

·     Expectation (Expected Value)

·     House Advantage

·     The Law of Large Numbers

·     Central Limit Theorem

·     Volatility

·     Gambling Fallacies and Systems

3. Common Casino Measurements

·     Basic Table Game and Slot Operations

·     Handle, Drop, Win

·     Theoretical Win, Win Percentage, Hold

·     Hold Percentage as a Management Tool

·     Different Ways to Express Win Rate

4. Games of Pure Chance

·     Banked Games: Slots, Keno, Roulette, Craps, Baccarat, Casino War, Sic Bo, Big Six Wheel

·     Pooled Games: Progressive Slots, Bingo

5. Games with a Skill Component

·     Banked Games: Blackjack, Caribbean Stud Poker, Let It Ride, Pai Gow Poker, Three Card Poker, Red Dog. Video Poker

·     Pooled Games: Poker

·     Sports Betting

6. Game Odds and Price Setting

·     Price Setting in the Gaming Industry

·     Price and Product Demand

·     Casino Game Prices

7. Volatility and Casino Operations

·     High Volatility: The Case of the High Rollers

·     Low Volatility: The Case of the Grind Joints

·     Gambler's Ruin, Volatility, and the Freeze-Out

8. Complimentaries

·     Value: Theoretical versus Actual Win

·     Complimentaries

9. Rebates and Discounts

·     Rebates on Theoretical Loss

·     Dead Chip Programs

·     Discounts on Actual Losses

·     Mixing Systems

10. Regulatory Issues

·     Regulations Relating to Fairness

·     Maximum Bet Restrictions

·     Restricting Minimum Price

·     Regulations Relating to Honesty

·     Advantage Play and Cheating

§     Appendices: Tables, Shuffle Charts

§     References

§     Index

 

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