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Syllabus for Graduate Seminar on Socially Conscious Video Games
[ver 1.5]
University of Denver
School of Art & Art History
Electronic Media Arts & Design
Rafael A. Fajardo
Winter 2005
Rafael Fajardo [version 1.5 list]
Miguel Angel Tarango [comments and additions]
Kelly Monico [comments and additions]
Jennifer Kiesel [comments and additions]
Matthew Benjamin Jenkins [comments and additions]
M E T H O D O L O G Y
RHIZOMIC AND SYNTHETIC
When I sat down to imagine this seminar and to collect a bibliography I realized that their exists no single text or work that addresses the idea of the "Socially Conscious Video Game". This is both an opportunity and a challenge. The opportunity is the discovery of a void in the scholarship that may be filled by some of the activites that we will pursue in this course. The challenge is to glean from a wide range of texts and media that which may or may not be productive in the creation of a scholarship of this kind.
The challenge is aggravated by the nascent stage of digital video game scholarship. The frameworks for critique and critical language are evolving at this very moment. The canon of games cannot really be said to exist. This class and this document are an early attempt at creating a framework.
The need to range widely in search of models and sources encourages a rhizomic approach. We can, and should, behave opportunistically, seeking models in both likely and unlikely places.
COURSE WORK
Our goal is to weave the varied threads we will explore into a kind of tapestry. What you will find below is a large swath that I have already explored. Some of these threads I have categorized in a way that makes sense to me. It is your responsibility to either adopt and adapt my categories, or to critique them and create your own. It is like wise your responsibility to expand the scope of the search and add to the collection of links and resources presented here. A modest goal is for each one of you to add twenty new links by the end of the quarter. We can debate the merits of the new links in the classroom.
Categorization has its inherent limitations, but it has the advantage of forcing us to attempt to appropriate and organize the knowledge in ways that are knowable, to ourselves and to others.
We should parse and define the phrase "socially conscious video games" so that we have some kind of common frame of reference that is also shareable. Is there actually a differentiation to be made? Are all games in some way "conscious" of the social contexts within which they exist? Is it productive to differentiate between electronic video games and analog games?
WHY GAMES?
Games are fun, and are seen as the domain of children or the idle time of adults. They are trivial things.
Scientists and mathematicians have a wonderful term of art used to distinguish between things that are insignificant and those that are significant. When a procedure or problem requires brain work it is called “non-trivial”. Games haven’t been given much thought in academia until recently. Games are fun, and fun cannot be taken as the object of serious consideration. There is a flaw in the logic that deprecates a serious look at games. Non-trivial amounts of time are spent playing and witnessing games. This time is spent by non-trivial quantities of people. These people help generate non-trivial amounts of revenue for an industry. Each one of these dynamic situations merit attention.
Mysterious things happen when we engage in game play. Joy, exercises in creative imagination, competitive stress, and fear are a small sampling of the range of emotions that we experience in the midst of play. Artists and designers strive to engage and cause similar states in their viewers and users. The methods of game design can be useful to digital media artists.
SOCIALLY CONSCIOUS?
Market forces have predominated in the creative practices. The complexity of the practice has, to date, precluded attempts at exploring non-commercial efforts. Still, our understanding of the expressive potential of the medium is in its infancy. The medium, the form, is so very compelling as to have attracted a few practicioners who are attempting to work through — and in spite of — the market challenges. There is not yet a coherent community nor forum for these efforts. The search for socially conscious video game practices forces us to look far and wide among diverse sources, and, too, forces us to make synthetic connections among these resouces.
Brenda Laurel has attempted through research and through capitalism to open a space for new, female, voices and audiences within the video game milieu. It can be argued that Will Wright's work with The Sims, and with his entire opus, treat social organization and value systems. It can also be argued that the work of the Miller brothers, Rand and Robyn, critique the tone and emotional depth of all video games that came before them. Wright and the Miller brothers have also managed to achieve market success. These practitioners have worked within market imperatives.
There are those who also have chosen to work on an artistic plane, privileging either art or criticism, or art as criticism. I say privileging because these practitioners do not completely reject a marketplace for their output. Practitioners in this vein include:
- Tropical America by Onramp Arts
- Beaner by Fran Ilich
- Vagamundo by Ricardo Miranda Zuniga
- Maria Sisters by Global Arcade
- Re-thinking Wargames by Ruth Catlow
- Newsgaming by Gonzalo Frasca
- Banja (winner of 2003 ars electronica prix)
- Velvet Strike by Anne Marie Schleiner
- Intruder by Natalie Bookchin
- various projects by Mary Flannagan
- Escape from Woomera
- Slow Death
There are also a group of practitioners who we might call accidental artists, they don't consider themselves to be practicing in art ways, but the community of artists and curators have adopted them.
- the sims
- harvest moon
- underash
- Second Life
M E D I A G R A P H Y
- HOW CAN TETRIS, DOOM AND BLUES CLUES OCCUPY THE SAME CONTINUUM?
- Space War, Asteroids, Space Invaders, Pac Man, Frogger, Donkey Kong, Tetris, Battle Zone, Mortal Kombat, etc. at the Killer List Of Video Games [web]
- PBS: The Video Game Revolution, The History of Video Gaming [timeline]
- The Dot Eaters: Video Game History 101 [web]
- Giant List of Classic Game Programmers [web]
- WRESTLING WITH PLAY
- The Institute For Play [web]
- Sutton-Smith, Brian. "Play and Ambiguity". The Ambiguity of Play. Harvard. 1997. isbn 0674017331. pp 1-17. [Amazon.com]
- Carse, James. "One: There Are At Least Two Kinds Of Games". Infinite and Finite Games. Ballantine Books. 1986. isbn 0345341488. pp 1-42. [Amazon.com]
- Helfand, Jessica. "Teasing The Nerves: The Art of technological persuasion". Screen: Essays on Graphic Design, New Media, and Visual Culture. Princeton Architectural Press. 2001. 1568983204. pp 28-33. [excerpts]
- Kane, Pat. Play Journal. [blog]
- Crawford, Chris. The Art of Computer Game Design. [web]
- Zimmerman, Eric. "The Rules of the Game". If/Then 1.0: Play. Netherlands Design Institute. 1999. [Amazon.com]
- Zimmerman & Lantz. "Checkmate: Rules, Play and Culture". Merge Magazine. Number 5. 1999. issn 14026570. pp 41-43. [web]
- Porter, Jenelle. "Eric Zimmerman Interviewed". Artists Space Newsletter. Fall 1999. [essay]
- Ringen, Jonathan. "Game Boys". Metropolis Magazine. July 2001. www.metropolismag.com. [essay]
- Frasca, Gonzalo. "Rethinking Agency and Immersion: videogames as a means of consciousness-raising". [download PDF]
- McAllister, Ken. Game Work: Language, Power, And Computer Game Culture. University of Alabama Press. January 2005. isbn 0817314180. [Amazon.com] [Learning Games Initiative]
- Johnson, Steven. "Infinity Imagined". Interface Culture: how technology transforms the way we create and communicate. Harper Edge. 1997. isbn. 0062514822. pp 206-242. [Amazon.com] [excerpt]
- Salen, Katie. Curatorial Statement for "Transforming Play: Family Albums and Monster Movies". Walker Art Center. October 19, 2002. [essay]
- DEVELOPING A CRITICAL LANGUAGE
- Baigorri, Laura. "Game As Critic As Art ver 2.0". available at www.jstk.org. [essay in Spanish] [web]
- Bittanti, Matteo. "Make Better Criticism: A mature form of cultural analysis". Proceedings of IGDA 2004 conference. [download PDF]
- Buzzcut: Game Criticism by Dave Thomas [blog]
- McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics. Harper Perennial. 1994. [especially chaps 1 & 2 for our purposes]
- Marcus, Greil. "Van Morrison". Rolling Stone's Illustrated History of Rock & Roll. Random House. 1976. isbn 0394739388. pp 320-323.
- Salen, Katie. Rules of Play. MIT. 2003. [excerpts]
- Miller, Laura. "Mystic Simulacrum". Salon.com. May 29, 2001. [essay]
- "Real Life: The Full Review". GameSpot.com [satirical essay]
- Rossignol, Jim. "All About Eve". PC Gamer. October 2004. pp 136-143.
- Gillen, Kieron. "The New Games Journalism". http://www.alwaysblack.com/blackbox/ngj.html
- Shanahan, Ian (aka Always_Black). "Bow Nigger". http://www.alwaysblack.com/blackbox/bownigger.html
- Killing Monsters: Why children need fantasy, super heroes, and make-believe violence. [Amazon.com]
- IMPLICATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES
- Leonard, Andrew. "Screenage Wasteland?". Salon.com. December 05, 2002. [essay]
- Markle Foundation studies on Interactive Media for Children
- [study highlights]
- [study report archive]
- Wartella, Ellen, et al. Children and Interactive Media - Research Compendium Update. Markle Foundation. November, 2002. [download PDF 292K]
- Carey, George. An Environmental Scan of Children's Interactive Media from 2000-2002. Markle Foundation. June 3, 2002. [download PDF 102K]
- Kleeman, David. One Mission Many Screens - A PBS/Markle Foundation Study on Distinctive Roles for Children's Public Service Media In the Digital Age: Executive Summary Markle Foundation. April 17, 2002. [download PDF 40K]
- Wartella, Ellen, et al. Children and Interactive Media - A compendium of current research and directions for the future. Markle Foundation. May, 2000. [download compendium PDF 740K]
- The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
- [site]
- Rideout, Victoria, et al. Zero to Six: Electronic media in the lives of infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers. Kaiser Family Foundation. October 2003. Publication number: 3378. [download PDF]
- Roberts, Donald. Kids & Media @ The New Millenium: A comprehensive national analysis of children’s media use. Kaiser Family Foundation. November 1999. Publication number 1535. [download PDF]
- Key Facts: Children and Video Games. Kaiser Family Foundation. October 2002. Publication number 3271. [download PDF]
- Pew Internet & American Life Project
- [site]
- Jones, Steve. Let the games begin: Gaming technology and entertainment among college students. Pew Internet. July 2003. [download PDF]
- UK Children Go Online [web]
- WILL WRIGHT AND THE SIMS
- Brown, Janelle. "The Sims in the hands of an angry god". Salon.com. February 17, 2000. [essay]
- Sieberg, Daniel. "The World according to Will". Salon.com. February 17, 2000. [essay]
- Johnson, Steven. "Re: Will Wright". Feed.com. September 14, 2000. [intro] [essay]
- Johnson, Steven. "Video Games 2001: Guinea Pig of Death". Feed.com. February 2001. [essay]
- Schactman, Noah. "From Sims to Slammin' Steel". Wired.com. February 2, 2002. [essay]
- Nick Jr™ and Humongous Entertainment (now part of Atari)
- Figgins, Stephen. "Humongous Python: Humongous Entertainment adopts Python for game scripting". O'Reilly. November 7, 2002. [essay]
- DeMaria, Russell. "An interview with Ron Gilbert of Humongous entertainment". GameSpot.com. [web]
- Blues Clues™
- Spy Fox™
- Backyard sports series
- WOMEN AND GAMING
- Brown, Janelle. "Girl Gamers: Sugar, Spice, Everything Profitable?". Wired.com. November 19, 1996. [essay]
- Brown, Janelle. "All-Girl Quake Clans Shake Up Boys’ World". Wired.com. February 5, 1997. [essay]
- Alderman, John. "Girl Games Leaps From CD To AM". Wired.com. April 5, 1997. [essay]
- Brown, Janelle. "Women Proto-Programmers Get Their Just Reward". Wired.com. May 8, 1997. [essay]
- Brown, Janelle. "Joystick Nation Faces Gender Divide". Wired.com. June 9, 1997. [essay]
- Brown, Janelle. "GameGirlz Turns Industry On To Game Girls. Wired.com. November 11, 1997. [essay]
- Weil, Elizabeth. "The Girl-Game Jinx". Salon.com. December 10, 1997. [essay]
- Brown, Janelle. "Girl Jocks Take On Digital Hoops" Wired.com. February 18, 1998. [essay]
- Reuters News Service. "Adult Women Like to Play Games". Wired.com. Aug 27, 2003. [essay]
- Brown, Janelle. "Girl Game Pioneer Purple Moon Shuts Down". Salon.com February 22, 1999. [essay]
- Laurel, Brenda. "Just One of the Girls". Signum Press. Volume 5 Number 4 Issue 6. December 7, 2000. [essay]
- PBS: The Video Game Revolution:: "Solving The Mystery of the Missing Girl Games". [essay]
- PBS: The Video Game Revolution:: "What Women Want". [essay]
- Laurel, Brenda. Utopian Entreprenuer. MIT Press. 2001. isbn 0262621533.[MIT Press]
- Kassel, Justine, ed. From Barbie To Mortal Kombat: Gender and Video games. MIT Press. 1998. isbn 0262531682. [MIT Press] [excerpt]
- Hafner, Katie. "What Do Women Game Designers Want?". NYTimes.com. October 14, 2004. [essay]
- WomenGamers.com [web]
- Game+Girl+Advance: blog that brings alternative perspectives to videogame culture [blog]
- Women In Technology International [web]
- Pobgadget, womyn, grrlz and gadgets [blog]
- GameGirlz.com [web]
- GirlsGoTech.com [web]
- CONSCIENTIOUS PRACTICES AND PRACTICIONERS
- Hidden Agenda by Jim Gasperini [the original game]
- Interview with Jim Gasperini about making Hidden Agenda [essay]
- Tropical America by Onramp Arts [play the game]
- Ruth Catlow: Activate 3 (from Rethinking Wargames) [game]
- Maria Sisters by Global Arcade [game]
- Vagamundo by Ricardo Miranda Zuniga [game]
- Delete.TV :: hacktivism by Fran Ilich, check out “Beaner” [game]
- Escape From Woomera [web]
- 9-11 Survivor [screen grabs]
- Waco Ressurection by C-Level [web]
- PacManHattan [web]
- ®™ark: playful, challenging, transgressive art collective [web]
- Select Parks: blog and catalogue of games by artists [web]
- JFK reloaded [web]
- Mary Flanagan, game artist and critic [web]
- Banja, winner of 2003 Golden Nica at Ars Electronica [game]
- Slow Death: a project by John Gerrard [web]
- Under Ash and Under Siege by Afkar games [web]
- World Trade Organization Loteria [web]
- Velvet Strike by Anne Marie Schleiner [web]
- September 12th & Madrid by Gonzalo Frasca and Newsgaming [games]
- Social Impact Games :: a compendium collected by Marc Prensky [web]
- Water Cooler Games :: games that will have 'em talking [web]
- King, Brad. "Make Love Not War Games". Wired.com. June 8, 2002. [essay]
- Anne-Marie Schleiner at the Digital Hub [review]
- Frasca, Gonzalo. "Videogames of the oppressed: Videogames as a means for critical thinking and debate." Master's Thesis, Georgia Tech University. [download PDF]
- Au, Wagner James. " Burn down the shopping malls". Salon.com February 22, 2002. [essay]
- and of course Crosser & La Migra [SWEAT]
- OPPORTUNITIES?
- gameLab
- Near Life's Robot Garage
- Near Life corporate site
- Persuasive Games
- Whuffie [WikiPedia]
- Masum, Hassan and Yi-Cheng Zhang. "Manifesto for the Reputation Society". FirstMonday.org September 2004. [essay]
- FirstMonday.org :: peer reviewed journal on the internet [web]
- Masum, Hassan and Yi-Cheng Zhang. The Reputation Society. [forthcoming book]
- Kane, Pat. On a reputation society. [blog]
- NEW PARADIGMS SUGGESTED BY NEW MATERIALS AND NEW INTERFACES?
- Inventables
- Transmaterials
- Touch Sensitive LCD displays
- Zimmerman, Eric. "Creating A Culture OF Design Research". Design Research. MIT Press. 2003. [essay]
- Zimmerman, Eric. "Play As Research". Design Research. MIT Press. 2003. [essay]
- PowerGrid Fitness: Build muscle and get in shape while playing video games
- CHALLENGES
- Au, Wagner James. "Playing Games With Free Speech". Salon.com. May 6, 2002. [essay]
- Hafner, Katie. "On video games, the jury is out and confused" New York Times. June 5, 2003.
- Goode, Erica. "With Video Games, Researchers Link Guns to Stereotypes". New York Times. December 10, 2002.
- Pesce, Mark. "The Trigger Principle". Feed.com. 2000.
- Boal, Mark. "The Shooters and the Shrinks". Salon.com. May 6, 1999. [essay]
- Au, Wagner James. "Quake, Doom and blood lust". Salon.com. May 12 1999. [essay]
- Costikyan, Greg. "Games don't kill people -- do they?". Salon.com. June 21, 1999. [essay]
- Media and the Family [web]
- Grossman, Lt Col Dave. Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill : A Call to Action Against TV, Movie and Video Game Violence. Crown. 1999. [Amazon.com]
- Rules of Play
-
- Syllabii
- COM 3344 : Games for the web : Reading list
- concepts in gaming - hunter college
- Game Design 2004: Course Overview
- reviews and interviews
- Rhizome.org: McKenzie Wark's review of Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals
- gamedevelopers.ie
- Leonardo Digital Reviews
- Ludology.org - Videogame Theory
- de:bug_review KATIE SALEN & ERIC ZIMMERMAN - RULES OF PLAY. GAME DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS ([MIT PRESS])
- Playtesting - Peter Bayliss: Aki Jarvinen's Review of Salen's and Zimmermann's "Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals".
- What is Avant Gaming?
- Redefining Games: How Academia Is Reshaping Games of the Future
- WIRED coverage of Game Issues That Matter
- Wired News: The best games you haven't played
- Wired News: Joystick
- Wired News: Play Games, Be Better Students?
- Wired News: Playing Games With a Conscience
- Wired News: Bots Open Door to Gaming History
- Wired News: Adult Women Like to Play Games
- Wired News: Taking on Lara Croft
- Wired News: Educators Turn to Games for Help
- Wired News: Indies Show They've Got Game
- Wired News: Who Says Science Can't Be Fun?
- Wired News: But Serially, a Game in Episodes?
- Wired News: Games Started Off Without a Bang
- Wired News: Art? Only Shadows Know for Sure
- Wired News: Milk the Cow, and Udder Fun Games
- Wired News: Games Elevate Hate to Next Level
- Wired News: It's Almost as Big as U.S. v. MS
- Wired News: No Time for Conspiracy Games
- Wired News: Gamers Score at Arts Festival
- Wired News: Recapturing Games' Classic Looks
- Wired News: Once It Was Atari, Now It's Art
- Wired News: Heavy Price For Free Speech
- Wired News: Campus Life Comes To Second Life
- Wired News: Ready To Delete The Border
- Wired News: g.o.d Wants to Help Developers Help Themselves
- Wired News: Las Vegas Police Take To the Arcade
- Wired News: Gaming Greats' Greatest Flops
- King, Brad. "Make Love Not War Games". Wired.com. June 8, 2002. [essay]
- Scheeres, Julia. "Games Elevate Hate to Next Level". Wired.com. February 20, 2002. [essay]
- Kettman, Steve. "gamers score at arts festival". wired.com. september 7, 2001. [essay]
- BBC News coverage of game issues that matter
- BBC News: Game Plays Politics with your PC
- BBC News: Games blur news and entertainment
- BBC News: Online games play with politics
- BBC News: Video games find their political voice
- BBC News: Academics take on video games
- BBC News: Girl gamers strike at the boys
- PopGadget: Personal Tech for Women :: coverage of game issues that matter
- Hello Kitty goes to war
- Collabowobble
- Swedish Girls Of Gaming
- Retro Flash gaming at Neave
- Squeeze-me Biofeedback Toy
- Galaxy Guys calendar
- Scholarship for Women Game Developers
- Tamagotchi, the prince and the pooper
- The best price for Doom 3
- More women are mobile gamers
- No woman No geek, gender study
- Human Joystick
- Emulators
- Alderman, John. "Saving Pac Man For Posterity". Wired.com. May 22, 1997. [essay]
- http://www.bannister.org/software/rocknes.htm
- GAMEBOY-EMULATOR.com : GB GBC GBA Roms Emulators
- GAMEBOY ADVANCE ROMS - GBA ROMS Download Free Games
- GBA Flash Advance Mac OS X Drivers Software
- Game Developers Fora::
- Joystick 101
- GameDev.org
- GameDev.net
- GameDev South Africa
- LudumDare
- Mad Monkey: Indie Game Network
- Independent Games Festival
- GarageGames: game engines, game lessons
- Fair Play Games: distributor of independent games
- Serious Games initiative of the Woodrow Wilson Institute
- Home/blog
- Call for papers from 2003
- Resource List
- National Academies press release encouraging simulations: “Entertainment and Military Collaboration Can Reap Rewards for Both”
- Undifferentiated
- Kohler, Chris. Power+Up. Brady Games, Pearson Education. Indiana. 2005. isbn 0744004241.
- Scholder, Amy & Zimmerman, Eric. Re:Play. Publishing Group Peter Lang. 2003. isbn 0-8204-7053-8 [book]
- Killer Instinct exhibition at the Zenith Media Lounge of the New Museum [web]
- Zenith Media Lounge list of game readings
- http://doom-ed.com/blog/category/doom-ed/john-carmack/
- Jones, Mark. "Char Davies: VR Through Osmosis". Cyberstage.com. 2000.
- Char Davies projects
- Acker, Kathy. "After the end of the Art World". Art & Design Magazine. Number 45. Academy Group Ltd. London. 1995. issn 02673991. pp 7-9. [full text available on the Art Index]
- Virilio, Paul. "Infowar (in conversation with Derrick De Kerchove)". Ars Electronica: Facing the Future. MIT. 1999. isbn 0262041766. pp 326-335.
- Dorsey, David. "The Parable of Myst II". Fast Company. April 1996. Issue 2. Page 91.
- Pawasarat, Catherine. "RE: Hideo Kojima". Feed.com. 2000.
- Van de Walle, Mark. "Shenmue". Feed.com. December 8, 2000.
- Hwang, Francis. "Video Games 2001: Cheatin' Art". Feed.com. 2001.
- Hall, Justin. "Video Games 2001: Counter-Strike". Feed.com. 2001.
- Au, Wagner James. "Video Games 2001: Familiar and Alien. Feed.com. 2001.
- Steadman, Carl. "Video Games 2001: Star Trekking" Feed.com. Feed.com. 2001.
- Johnson, Steven. "Video Games 2001: Stories on a Rail". Feed.com. 2001.
- Hoffman, Donna. The Growing Digital Divide: Implications for an Open Research Agenda. Markle Foundation. July 1999. [report archive]
- Mine Control Home Page
- IC² Institute: Digital Media Collaboratory
- Games-to-Teach Home Archived Site
- The Education Arcade :: The Future of Videogames in Education
- Educational Simulations Products
- WDCF - Where Design Comes From
- Archinect : Features : Front Design
- Profanity Adventures
- TRANSSTUDIO
- NEC ecotonoha
- Infocom Classics
- :...: AFTERLAB :...: beta version 002.04 :...:
- Lego Logic Gates at Goldfish
- http://www.boingboing.net/2004/10/27/mmo_anthropologists_.html
- http://www.boingboing.net/2004/08/06/eat_a_live_worm_burr.html
- http://developers.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/09/01/1249257
- http://www.joystiq.com/entry/1234000307022360/
- http://www.nature.com/news/2004/041011/full/041011-9.html
- http://etoychest.org/news.php?extend.222
- http://www.thefeature.com/article?articleid=101184&ref=3870191
- http://grandtextauto.gatech.edu/2004/10/29/state-of-play-ii-04-ny-law-school-digital-property/
- http://grandtextauto.gatech.edu/2004/10/30/state-of-play-ii-04-ny-law-school-online-economics/
- http://www.habbohotel.com/habbo/en/
- http://www.sanriotown.com/onlinegame/index.php?s=introduction
- http://www.interguidance.com/PRODOVER.htm
- http://doom-ed.com/blog/category/doom-ed/john-carmack/
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3615278.stm
- http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/gamespotting/071103minusworld/1.html
- Rock, Scissors, Paper
- http://simulations.joystiq.com/entry/4968643542129519/
- http://www.nyls.edu/pages/2396.asp
- http://tecfa.unige.ch/perso/staf/nova/blog/2004/11/17/tech-fishpong/
- http://www.diabetesportal.com/teentalk/transcripts/04_27_03.htm
- http://terranova.blogs.com/terra_nova/
- http://forevergeek.com/games/grand_theftendo_port_of_gta_iii_to_8bit_nes.php
- http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=8146
- http://wirelessdigest.typepad.com/shinyshiny/2004/09/girls_like_to_p.html
- http://www.animefringe.com/magazine/2004/10/feature/04.php
- http://www.atitd.com/
- http://www.avantgaming.com/about.html
- http://www.camilleutterback.com/potentobjects.html
- http://www.cesweb.org/press/news/release_detail.asp?id=10373
- Harvest Moon SNES Console Game - Harvest Moon SNES ROM
- http://www.counter-strike.net/
- http://www.druh.co.uk/qqq.html
- http://www.electronicbookreview.com/v3/threads/threadtoc.jsp?thread=firstperson
- http://www.extra-life.org.uk/wiki/?ViewStateItem&item=a95
- http://www.filibustercartoons.com/Nintendo.php
- http://www.igda.org/columns/ivorytower/
- http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20010627/rouse_pfv.htm
- http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/action/dealerchronicpillscoke/index.html
- http://www.gamespot.com/news/2004/12/02/news_6114341.html
- http://www.gametheorysociety.org/
- http://www.grandtheftendo.com/
- http://www.indystar.com/articles/2/194633-8642-009.html
- http://www.interaction-ivrea.it/en/gallery/collabolla/index.asp
- http://www.isaga.info/
- http://www.joystiq.com/entry/1234000150022422/
- http://www.joystiq.com/entry/1234000510022543/
- http://www.links.net/
- http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6640078/
- http://www.neave.com/games/
- http://www.nyls.edu/pages/2561.asp
- http://www.pbs.org/kcts/videogamerevolution/impact/myths.html
- http://www.pbs.org/kcts/videogamerevolution/history/index.html
- http://www.playmusicbox.com/
- http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/review/1999/06/18/lola/
- http://www.shockwave.com/sw/content/loop
- http://www.slamdance.com/games/
- http://www.taemag.com/issues/articleID.18213/article_detail.asp
- http://www.tamagotchi.com/
- http://www.tmpspace.com/
- http://www.thecorporation.com/videogames.php
- http://www.trinity.edu/adelwich/games/index.html
- http://www.viktoria.se/fal/projects/collgames/
- http://www.womengamers.com/
- Digital Games Research Association [DiGRA]
- International Game Developers Association [IGDA]
- Gammasutra: a nexus of information about game production
- Ludology: Game theory, criticism and scholarship by Gonzalo Frasca
- Colorado Game Developers Association: regional IGDA chapter
- ExitArt: venue for fringe electronic and cultural art
- TransformReality: Andy Clarke & Grethe Mitchell are writing a book on games and art
- CoSign: Conferences on Computational Semiotics
- ANOMOS: research, dissemination, and consulting for digital artists [France]
- Ludologica: Italian publisher of video game scholarship
- CHI Special areas: Games
- CHI Papers
- Melbourne Digital Arts and Culture conference: 2003 proceedings
- PowerUp: Computer Games, Ideology & Play :: conference proceedings
- http://www.gammaspace.com.au/trigger/
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This is version 1.5 of this document copyrighted under a creative commons, non-commercial, share-alike, license, December 2004.