Notes

The Plough Boy Journals

The Journals and Associated Documents

The Plough Boy Anthology

19th Century American Whaling

Image Gallery from the Plough Boy Anthology of 19th Century American Whaling.

Bonin Islands

Pitcairn's Island

The Collected Works of William Hussey Macy

The Seizure of the Whaleship George Howland of New Bedford, by Convicts at Charles Island, Galapagos, March 1852


Dictionaries & Glossaries

Ashley's Glossary of
Whaling Terms

Dana's Dictionary of
Sea Terms

Images from the Plough Boy Anthology of 19th century American Whaling.

compiled by

Tom Tyler.

.
Hiram Paulding.
      Journal of a Cruise of the United States Schooner Dolphin, among the islands of the Pacific Ocean; and a visit to the Mulgrave Islands, in pursuit of the mutineers of the whale ship Globe .... (New York, G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1831)
Joseph C. Hart.
      Miriam Coffin; or, The Whale-Fishermen: A Tale. Vol. 1. (New York, G. & C. & H. Carvill, 1834)
Thomas Beale.
      A few observations on the natural history of the sperm whale with an account of the rise and progress of the fishery, and of the modes of pursuing, killing, and "cutting in" that animal, with a list of its favorite places of resort. (London, Effingham Wilson, 1835)
Thomas Beale.
      The natural history of the sperm whale : its anatomy and physiology, food, spermaceti, ambergris, rise and progress of the fishery, chase and capture, "cutting in" and "trying out", description of the ships, boats, men and instruments used in the attack, with an account of its favourite places of resort : to which is added, a sketch of a South-sea whaling voyage, embracing a description of the extent, as well as the adventures and accidents that occurred during the voyage in which the author was personally engaged. (London, John Van Voorst, 1839)
Frederick Debell Bennett.
      Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836. Comprising sketches of Polynesia, California, the Indian Archipelago, etc. with an account of southern whales, the sperm whale fishery, and the natural history of the climates visited. Vol. 1. (London:, R. Bentley, 1840)
Frederick Debell Bennett.
      Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836. Comprising sketches of Polynesia, California, the Indian Archipelago, etc. with an account of southern whales, the sperm whale fishery, and the natural history of the climates visited. Vol. 2. (London:, R. Bentley, 1840)
Richard Henry Dana, Jr.
The Seaman's Friend; Containing a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with Plates, a Dictionary of Sea Terms; Customs and Usages of the Merchant Service; Laws Relating to the Practical Duties of Master and Mariners. (Boston, Charles C. Little & James Brown, and Benjamin Loring & Co., [1841])
Francis Allyn Olmsted.
      Incidents of a whaling voyage : to which are added observations on the scenery manners and customs, and missionary stations of the Sandwich and Society Islands: ... (New York, D. Appleton and Co., 1841)
Charles Darwin.
      Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle Round the World, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. -- Second Edition, corrected with additions. -- Chapter 17 – Galapagos Archipelago. (London, John Murray, 1845)
J. Ross Browne.
      Etchings of a Whaling Cruise, with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar. To which is Appended a Brief History of the Whale Fishery, its Past and Present Condition. (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1846)
Henry T. Cheever.
      The whale and his captors; or, The whalemen's adventures, and the whale's biography as gathered on the homeward cruise of the "Commodore Preble." (New York, Harper & Bros., 1853)
Matthew Calbraith Perry.
      Narrative of the expedition of an American squadron to the China Seas and Japan, performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854 : under the command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, by order of the government of the United States ... -- Chapter on the Bonin Islands. (Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer, 1856)
William M. Davis.
      Nimrod of the sea; or, The American whaleman. (New York, Harper & brothers, 1874)
"Huntsmen of the Sea", Harper's New Monthly Magazine. Volume 49, Issue 293, October 1874, pp. 650-662.
Alexander Starbuck.
      History of the American whale fishery from its earliest inception to the year 1876. (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1878)
Lionel Berners Cholmondeley.
      The history of the Bonin Islands from the year 1827 to the year 1876, and of Nathaniel Savory, one of the original settlers; to which is added a short supplement dealing with the islands after their occupation by the Japanese. (London, Constable & Co., Ltd., 1915)
A. Hyatt Verrill.
      The Real Story of the Whaler: Whaling, Past and Present. (New York, D. Appleton and Company, 1916)
Charles Haskins Townsend.
      The Galapagos tortoises in their relation to the whaling industry. (New York, New York Zoological Society, [1925])
Edmund Gardner and John M. Bullard.
      Captain Edmund Gardner of Nantucket and New Bedford: His Journal and His Family. (New Bedford, The Author, 1958)

Hiram Paulding.

Journal of a Cruise of the United States Schooner Dolphin, among the islands of the Pacific Ocean; and a visit to the Mulgrave Islands, in pursuit of the mutineers of the whale ship Globe ....

1831.

ILLUSTRATION.

Mulgrave Islands.

Mulgrave Islands

Mulgrave Islands.

as Surveyed by the U.S. Schooner Dolphin
Lieut. Commandt John Percival
D & 00 Long.t Astronomically & by Chro.r
X Lat. by Observation.
m Comstock's Landing.
+ Harbour 10 1/2 f.t over the Bar
= Passage for boats.
Var. 01° 15' E.     
Line showing: Track of the Dolphin.
Line showing: Track of the Dolphin's Launch.
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Joseph C. Hart.

Miriam Coffin, or the Whale-Fishermen: a Tale,
Vol. 1.

1834.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Serenade, pt.1.
Serenade, pt.2.
Serenade, pt.3.
Serenade, pt.4.
Serenade, pt.5.
Serenade, pt.6.
Serenade, pt.7.
Serenade, pt.8.

Music page 180 in original

Serenade, pt.1.

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Music page 181 in original

Serenade, pt.2.

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Music page 182 in original

Serenade, pt.3.

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Music page 183 in original

Serenade, pt.4.

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Music page 184 in original

Serenade, pt.5.

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Music page 185 in original

Serenade, pt.6.

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Music page 186 in original

Serenade, pt.7.

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Music page 187 in original

Serenade, pt.8.

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Thomas Beale.

A few observations on the natural history of the sperm whale ....

1835.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Diagram of Sperm Whale.9
Figure No. 2. p.26
Figure No. 1. p.45
Figure No. 3. p.49

Diagram of Sperm Whale - a

Diagram of Sperm Whale.

      Fig. 1.* a, the nostril or spout hole -- b, the situation of the case, c, the junk -- d, the bunch of the neck -- e, the eye -- f, the fin -- g, the spiral strips or blanket pieces -- h, the hump -- i, the ridge-- k, the small -- l, the tail or flukes -- B, a harpoon -- C, a lance.

      Fig. 2† a, the lines forming the square are intended to represent the flat anterior part of the head.

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No. 2.

Figure No. 2

Figure No. 2.

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No. 1

Figure No. 1

Figure No. 1.

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No. 3.

Figure No. 3

Figure No. 3.

      * Plate No. 3, represents a large whale in the act of destroying a boat, with his head; of this occurrence the author was an eye-witness off the coast of Japan, on July 18th, 1832. Capt. W. Swain, of the Sarah and Elizabeth, of London, had with two other boats been engaged in chasing a large whale nearly the whole of the day; at about 4 p.m. the captain was considerably a-head of the other two boats, and had succeeded in striking the whale with the harpoon, and being a dexterous whaler, he succeeded in lancing the animal twice before it had recovered itself from the blow; the lance wounds having penetrated the cavity of the chest, caused the animal to eject blood from the nostril in large quantities; he however suddenly descended to the depth of about 40 fathoms, and as suddenly rose, striking the boat with excessive force, which threw it into the air in fragments, with the men and every thing contained therein; the

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Thomas Beale.

The natural history of the sperm whale ....

1839.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Boats attacking Whalesfrontispiece
Whales of F. Cuvier and Colnett, Huggins, and Beale. p.14
Diagram of Sperm Whale. p.23
Three postures of the sperm whale. p.33
Lancing the whale. p.173
Boat being upset. p.253
Kinau descending the Pele of Nuanu p.253
Bonin Island – Boat passing through the Breakersp.286

Boats Attacking Whales

Boats Attacking Whales.

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Whales of F. Cuvier and Colnett, Huggins, and Beale

Whales of F. Cuvier and Colnett, Huggins, and Beale.

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Diagram of Sperm Whale

Diagram of Sperm Whale.

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Three postures of the sperm whale

Three postures of the sperm whale.

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Lancing the whale

Lancing the whale.

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Boat being upset.

Boat being upset.

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Kinau Descending the Pele of Nuanu.

Kinau Descending the Pele of Nuanu.

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Bonin Island – Boat passing through the Breakers

Bonin Island – Boat Passing Through the Breakers.

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Frederick Debell Bennett.

Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836, vol. 1.

1840.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Tahiti - North-West Coast.
A Chart Shewing the Tracks of the South Seaman "Tuscan", in a Voyage round the World, From the Year 1833 to 1836.
Tomb of Eutiti's child.
Caroline Island.

Tahiti - North-West Coast

Tahiti

North-West Coast
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Chart shewing the tracks of the South Seaman Tuscan ... 1833 to 1836.

A Chart Shewing the Tracks of the South Seaman "Tuscan", in a Voyage round the World, from the Year 1833 to 1836.

[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]
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Tomb of Eutiti's child

Tomb of Eutiti's child

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Caroline Island

Caroline Island

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Frederick Debell Bennett

Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe, from the year 1833 to 1836, vol. 2.

1840.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Pitcairn's Island (Northern Coast and Settlement.)
Moonstone - Tahiti.
Sperm Whale or Cachalot.
Black Fish of South-Sea Whalers.
Delphinus Peronii, Lacapede. (The Right Whale Porpoise of Whalers.)
The Hawaiian Frog-Fish. (Lophius Sandvicensis, N. Sp.)
Order, Apodes. The glass-Eel, or Small-Head. (Leptocephalus, Sp.)
Hemiramphus Argenteus.
The Pilot-fish. (Gasterosteus Ductor, Linn.)
The Small-Spined Doctor-Fish. (Acanthurus Subarmatus, N. Sp.)
The Rudder-Fish. (Caranx Antilliarum.) (Scomber Carangus, Bloch.)
The Yellow-Tail. (Elagatis Bipinnulatus, N. Sp.)
Lernaea exocaeti (parasitic worm)
The Luminous Scopelus. (Scopelus Stellatus, N. Sp.)
Carinaria Vitrea.
Carinaria Depressa. (Firola, Sp.)
The Pyrosome. (Pyrosoma Atlanticum.)

Pitcairn's Island

Pitcairn's Island
(Northern Coast and Settlement.)

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Moonstone - Tahiti

Moonstone - Tahiti.

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Sperm Whale or Cachalot

Sperm Whale or Cachalot.

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Black Fish of South-Sea Whalers

Black Fish of South-Sea Whalers.

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Right Whale Porpoise of Whalers

Delphinus Peronii, Lacapede.
(The Right Whale Porpoise of Whalers.)

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Hawaiian Frog-Fish

The Hawaiian Frog-Fish.
(Lophius Sandvicensis, N. Sp.)

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Glass-Eel, or Small-Head
Order, Apodes.

The Glass-Eel, or Small-Head.
(Leptocephalus, Sp.)

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Hemiramphus Argenteus

Hemiramphus Argenteus.

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Pilot-fish

The Pilot-Fish.
(Gasterosteus Ductor, Linn.)

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Doctor-fish

The Small-Spined Doctor-Fish.
(Acanthurus Subarmatus, N. Sp.)

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Rudder-fish

The Rudder-Fish.
(Caranx Antilliarum.)
(Scomber Carangus, Bloch.)

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Yellow-tail

The Yellow-Tail.
(Elagatis Bipinnulatus, N. Sp.)

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Lernaea exocaeti (parasitic worm)

Lernaea exocaeti (parasitic worm)

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Luminous Scopelus

The Luminous Scopelus.
(Scopelus Stellatus, N. Sp.)

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Carinaria Vitrea

Carinaria Vitrea.

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Carinaria Depressa

Carinaria Depressa. (Firola, Sp.)

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Pyrosome

The Pyrosome.
(Pyrosoma Atlanticum.)

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Richard Henry Dana, Jr.

The Seaman's Friend; Containing a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with Plates, a Dictionary of Sea Terms; Customs and Usages of the Merchant Service; Laws Relating to the Practical Duties of Master and Mariners.

1841.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate I. The Spars and Rigging of a Ship.
Plate II. A Ship's Sails.
Plate III. The Frame of a Ship.
Plate IV. Types of Vessels.
Plate V. Rope, Knots, Splices, Bends and Hitches.

Plate 1

Plate I.
The Spars and Rigging of a Ship.

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Index of References.

1 Head. 45 Main topmast cross-trees. 89 Main topgallant stay.
2 Head-boards. 46 Mizzen top. 90 Main royal stay.
3 Stem. 47 Mizzenmast cap. 91 Main lifts.
4 Bows. 48 Mizzen topmast cross-trees. 92 Main braces.
5 Forecastle. 49 Fore yard. 93 Main topsail lifts.
6 Waist. 50 Fore topsail yard. 94 Main topsail braces.
7 Quarter-deck. 51 Fore topgallant yard. 95 Main topgallant lifts.
8 Gangway. 52 Fore royal yard. 96 Main topgallant braces.
9 Counter. 53 Main yard. 97 Main royal lifts.
10 Stern. 54 Main topsail yard. 98 Main royal braces.
11 Tafferel. 55 Main topgallant yard. 99 Main rigging.
12 Fore chains. 56 Main royal yard. 100 Main topmast rigging.
13 Main chains. 57 Cross-jack yard. 101 Main topgallant rigging.
14 Mizzen chains. 58 Mizzen topsail yard. 102 Main topmast backstays.
15 Bowsprit. 59 Mizzen topgallant yard. 103 Main topgallant backstays.
16 Jib-boom. 60 Mizzen royal yard. 104 Main royal backstays.
17 Flying jib-boom. 61 Fore truck. 105 Cross-jack lifts.
18 Spritsail yard. 62 Main truck. 106 Cross-jack braces.
19 Martingale. 63 Mizzen truck. 107 Mizzen topsail lifts.
20 Bowsprit cap. 64 Fore stay. 108 Mizzen topsail braces.
21 Foremast. 65 Fore topmast stay. 109 Mizzen topgallant lifts.
22 Fore topmast. 66 Jib stay. 110 Mizzen topgal't braces.
23 Fore topgallant mast. 67 Fore topgallant stay. 111 Mizzen royal lifts.
24 Fore royal mast. 68 Flying-jib stay. 112 Mizzen royal braces.
25 Fore skysail mast. 69 Fore royal stay. 113 Mizzen stay.
26 Main mast. 70 Fore skysail stay. 114 Mizzen topmast stay.
27 Main topmast. 71 Jib guys. 115 Mizzen topgallant stay.
28 Main topgallant mast. 72 Flying-jib guys. 116 Mizzen royal stay.
29 Main royal mast. 73 Fore lifts. 117 Mizzen skysail stay.
30 Main skysail mast. 74 Fore braces. 118 Mizzen rigging.
31 Mizzen mast. 75 Fore topsail lifts. 119 Mizzen topmast rigging.
32 Mizzen topmast. 76 Fore topsail braces. 120 Mizzen topgal. shrouds.
33 Mizzen topgallant mast. 77 Fore topgallant lifts. 121 Mizzen topmast backstays.
34 Mizzen royal mast. 78 Fore topgallant braces. 122 Mizzen topgal'nt backstays.
35 Mizzen skysail mast. 79 Fore royal lifts. 123 Mizzen royal backstays.
36 Fore spencer gaff. 80 Fore royal braces. 124 Fore spencer vangs.
37 Main spencer gaff. 81 Fore rigging. 125 Main spencer vangs.
38 Spanker gaff. 82 Fore topmast rigging. 126 Spanker vangs.
39 Spanker boom. 83 Fore topgallant shrouds. 127 Ensign halyards.
40 Fore top. 84 Fore topmast backstays. 128 Spanker peak halyards.
41 Foremast cap. 85 Fore topgallant backstays. 129 Foot-rope to fore yard.
42 Fore topmast cross-trees. 86 Fore royal backstays. 130 Foot-rope to main yard.
43 Main top. 87 Main stay. 131 Foot-rope to cross-jack yard.
44 Mainmast cap. 88 Main topmast stay.    
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Plate II

plate II.
A Ship's Sails.

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Index of References.

1 Fore topmast staysail. 18   Mizzen topgallant sail.
2 Jib. 19   Mizzen royal.
3 Flying jib. 20   Mizzen skysail.
4 Fore spencer. 21   Lower studdingsail.
5 Main spencer. 21a Lee ditto.
6 Spanker. 22   Fore topmast studdingsail.
7 Foresail. 22a Lee ditto.
8 Fore topsail. 23   Fore topgallant studdingsail.
9 Fore topgallant sail. 23a Lee ditto.
10 Fore royal. 24   Fore royal studdingsail.
11 Fore skysail. 24a Lee ditto.
12 Mainsail. 25   Main topmast studdingsail.
13 Main topsail. 25a Lee ditto.
14 Main topgallant sail. 26   Main topgallant studdingsail.
15 Main royal. 26a Lee ditto.
16 Main skysail. 27   Main royal studdingsail.
17 Mizzen topsail. 27a Lee ditto.
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Plate III

Plate III.
The Frame of a Ship.

[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

Index of References.

A. The Outside. 5 Half transoms.
1 Upper stem-piece. 6 Main transom.
2 Lower stem-piece. 7 Quarter timbers.
3 Gripe. 8 Transom knees.
4 Forward keel-piece. 9 Horn timbers.
5 Middle keel-piece. 10 Counter-timber knee.
6 After keel-piece. 11 Stern-post.
7 False keel. 12 Rudder-head.
8 Stern knee. 13 Counter timbers.
9 Stern-post. 14 Upper-deck clamp.
10 Rudder.    
11 Bilge streaks. C. The Inside of the Bows.
12 First streak under the wales. 1 Keelson.
13 Apron. 2 Pointers.
14 Lower apron. 3 Step for the mast.
15 Fore frame. 4 Breast-hook.
16 After frame. 5 Lower-deck breast-hook.
17 Wales. 6 Forward beam.
18 Waist. 7 Upper-deck clamp.
19 Plank-shear. 8 Knight-heads.
20 Timber-heads. 9 Hawse timbers.
21 Stanchions. 10 Bow timbers.
22 Rail. 11 Apron of the stem.
23 Knight-heads.    
24 Cathead. D. The Timbers.
25 Fashion timbers. 1 Keelson.
26 Transoms. 2 Floor timbers.
27 Quarter pieces. 3 Naval timbers or ground futtocks.
    4 Lower futtocks.
B. The Inside of the Stern. 5 Middle futtocks.
1 Keelson. 6 Upper futtocks.
2 Pointers. 7 Top timbers.
3 Chock. 8 Half timbers, or half top-timbers.
4 Transoms.    
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Plate IV

Plate IV.

Ship Bark
Full-rigged Brig Hermaphrodite Brig
Top-sail Schooner Fore & aft Schooner
Sloop

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Explanations.

Ship. – A ship is square-rigged throughout; that is, she has tops, and carries square sails on all three of her masts.

Bark. – A bark is square-rigged at her fore and main masts, and differs from a ship in having no top, and carrying only fore-and-aft sails at her mizzenmast.

Brig. – A full-rigged brig is square-rigged at both her masts.

Hermaphrodite Brig. – An hermaphrodite brig is square-rigged at her foremast; but has no top, and only fore-and-aft sails at her main mast.

Topsail Schooner. – A topsail schooner has no tops at her foremast, and is fore-and-aft rigged at her mainmast. She differs from an hermaphrodite brig in that she is not properly square-rigged at her foremast, having no top, and carrying a fore-and-aft foresail, in stead of a square foresail and a spencer.

Fore-and-aft Schooner. – A fore-and-aft schooner is fore-and-aft rigged throughout, differing from a topsail schooner in that the latter carries small square sails aloft at the fore.

Sloop. – A sloop has one mast, fore-and-aft rigged.

Hermaphrodite Brigs sometimes carry small square sails aloft at the main; in which case they are called Brigantines, and differ from a Full-rigged Brig in that they have no top at the mainmast, and carry a fore-and-aft mainsail instead of a square mainsail and trysail. Some Topsail Schooners carry small square sails aloft at the main as well as the fore; being in other respects fore-and-aft rigged. They are then called Main Topsail Schooners.

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Plate IV

Plate V.
Rope, Knots, Splices, Bends and Hitches.

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Francis Allyn Olmsted.

Incidents of a whaling voyage: to which are added observations on the scenery manners and customs, and missionary stations of the Sandwich and Society Islands ...

1841.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Perils of Whaling Frontispiece
Spade, Harpoon, & Lance p. 20
Barque North America, New London Following p. 42
The Attack Following p. 56
The Dying Whale Following p. 58
Sperm Whale Diagram p. 65
Albatross Following p. 100
Music-1: Ho! Ho! and up she rises p. 116
Music-2: Ho! H! and up she rises p. 116
Spanish House Tacames, S. America Following p. 168
Pulling Teeth Following p. 182
Sandwich Islanders Playing in the SurfFollowing p. 222
Old Native Church, Honolulu Following p. 254
Native Church, Honolulu Following p. 256
New Native Church, Honolulu Following p. 258
Bread Fruit Following p. 308

PERILS OF WHALING

Perils of Whaling.

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Spade, Harpoon, & Lance

Spade, Harpoon, & Lance.

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Barque NORTH AMERICA New London

Barque North America - New London

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THE ATTACK

The Attack.

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THE DYING WHALE

The Dying Whale.

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Sperm Whale Diagram

Sperm Whale Diagram.

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ALBATROSS

Albatross.

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Music-1: Ho! Ho! and up she rises

Ho! Ho! and up she rises.

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Music-2: Ho! Ho! and up she rises

Nancy Fanana.

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SPANISH HOUSE Tacames S. America

Spanish House Tacames S. America.

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PULLING TEETH

Pulling Teeth.

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SANDWICH ISLANDERS PLAYING IN THE SURF

Sandwich Islanders Playing in the Surf.

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OLD NATIVE CHURCH Honolulu

Old Native Church Honolulu.

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NATIVE CHURCH Honolulu

Native Church. Honolulu

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NEW NATIVE CHURCH Honolulu

New Native Church - Honolulu

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BREAD FRUIT

Bread Fruit.
Society Islands

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Charles Darwin

Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N.

1845.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Map of the Galapagos Islands.
Four Finches.
Marine Iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus).

Map of the Galapagos Islands

Map of the Galapagos Islands.

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Four Finches

Four Finches.

                1. Geospiza magnirostris.              2. Geospiza fortis.
                3. Geospiza parvula.                     4. Certhidea olivasea.

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Amblyrhynchus cristatus

Amblyrhynchus cristatus. a, Tooth of natural size, and likewise magnified.

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J. Ross Browne.

Etchings of a whaling cruise, with notes of a sojourn on the island of Zanzibar. To which is appended a brief history of the whale fishery.

1846.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Cutting in & trying out Frontispiece
Harpoon p. 52
Lance 53
Spade 54
Boarding Knife 54
Blubber Knives 55
Mincing Knife 55
Mincing Table 55
Fork 56
Strainer 56
Dipper 56
Pike 57
Drag 57
Line Tub 57
Trying Out - Whaling Bark 61
Man at the mast-head ff. 112
Three boats hunting whales116
Lancing a whale ff. 118
Dead whale 122
Towing a dead whale 125
A scramble for salt-junk ff. 142
John Tabor's Ride ff. 172
Whale spouts 212
Life in the forecastle ff. 214
A Picture for Philanthropistsff. 222
Majunga Houses, Bembatooka Bayff 228
Barzy and the Madagascar Chiefff. 232
Island of Johanna ff. 268
Symbols for Whales Seen and Whales Captured292
Sperm whale 297
Zanzibar ff. 328
Imaum's Harem, Zanzibar ff. 334
Racing on the Nazee Moya ff. 422

Cutting in & trying out.

Cutting in & Trying Out.

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Harpoon

Harpoon.

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Lance

The Lance.

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Spade

The spade

.
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Boarding Knife

The Boarding Knife

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Blubber Knives

Blubber Knives.

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Mincing Knife

The Mincing Knife.

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Mincing Table

Mincing Table.

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Fork

The Fork.

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Strainer

The Strainer.

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Dipper

The Dipper.

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Pike

The Pike.

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Drag

The "Drag".

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Line Tub

The "Tub".

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Trying Out - Whaling Bark

Trying Out - Whaling Bark.

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Man at the Mast-head

Man at the Mast-head.

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Three Boats Hunting Whales

Three Boats Hunting Whales.

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Lancing a whale

Lancing a Whale.

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Dead whale

Dead whale.

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Towing a dead whale

Towing a Dead Whale.

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A scramble for salt-junk

A Scramble for Salt Junk.

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John Tabor's Ride

John Tabor's Ride.

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Whale spouts

Whale spouts.
1.  Finback.    2.  Right whale.    3.  Sperm whale.

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Life in the forecastle

Life in the Forecastle
(A.A. Von Schmidt / J. Hallpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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A Picture for Philanthropists

A Picture for Philanthropists.
(A.A. Von Schmidt / J. Halpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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Majunga Houses, Bembatooka Bay

Majunga Houses, Bembatooka Bay.
(J. Ross Browne / J. Halpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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Barzy and the Madagascar Chief

Barzy and the Madagascar Chief.

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Island of Johanna

Island of Johanna.
(J. Ross Browne / J. Halpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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Symbols for Whales Seen and Whales Captured

Symbols for Whales Seen and Whales Captured.

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Sperm whale

Sperm Whale.

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Zanzibar

Zanzibar.
(J. Ross Browne / J. Halpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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Imaum's Harem, Zanzibar

Imaum's Harem, Zanzibar
(J. Ross Browne / J. Halpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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Racing on the Nazee Moya

Racing on the Nazee Moya.
(A. A. Von Schmidt / J. Halpin - Harper & Brothers, New York)

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Henry T. Cheever

The whale and his captors; or, The whalemen's adventures, and the whale's biography as gathered on the homeward cruise of the "Commodore Preble"

1850.

LIST OF ENGRAVINGS

A Polar Right Whale on the Ice. Vignette.
Look-out in the Crow's Nest. 17
The Commodore Preble taking Supplies at Rimatara. 34
View of a Whale Ship in the Process of Cutting-in. 55
Whaling Implements. 61
Perpendicular and side Views of the Slabs of Whalebone. 81
View of the Harpooner and Whale in close Quarters. 92
View of a Right Whale overturning a Boat. 102
Combat between a Whale and the Sea Serpent. 123
View of a Whale-boat crushed by a Whale. 149
Boat returning from the Search for poor Berry. 170
Exploit of an American Harpooner in Delego Bay. 200
Whale dragging the Boats of the Bounty. 213
View of a Whale staving a Boat. 221
Picture of a Whale-boat thrown into a Whale's Mouth.. 226
View of a Sabbath-keeping Whale Ship. 260
Picture of the Commodore Preble homeward bound. 271

A Polar Right Whale on the Ice.

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There she blows!

There she blows! There she blows!
      Man the boats! For nothing stay!

Such a prize we must not lose!
      Lay to your oars! Away! away!

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The Commodore Preble taking Supplies at Rimatara.

The Commodore Preble taking Supplies at Rimatara.

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View of a Whale Ship in the Process of Cutting in.

View of a Whale Ship in the Process of "Cutting in."

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>Whaling Implements.

Whaling Implements.
1. Hand Harpoon. 2. Pricker. 3. Blubber Spade.
4. Gun Harpoon. 5. Lance.

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View of Whalebone

Perpendicular View of the Whalebone.      Side View of the Whalebone.

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Verse

Launch the harpoon! Laugh at fear!
      Plunge it deep, the barbed spear!
Strike the lance in swift career!
      Give her line! Give her line!
Down she goes through the foaming brine.

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He came up alongside of the Boat and turned it over with his Nose as a Hog would his Eating-trough.

He came up alongside of the Boat and turned it over with his Nose as a Hog would his Eating-trough.

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Combat between a Whale and the Sea Serpent.

Combat between a Whale and the Sea Serpent.

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View of a Whale-boat crushed by a Whale.

View of a Whale-boat crushed by a Whale.

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Boat returning from the Search for Berry.

Boat returning from the Search for Berry.

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Exploit of an American Harpooner in Delego Bay.

Exploit of an American Harpooner in Delego Bay.

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Polar Whale dragging the Boats of the Bounty.

Polar Whale dragging the Boats of the Bounty.

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Right Whale staving a Boat.

Right Whale staving a Boat.

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Picture of a Whale-boat thrown into a Whale's Mouth.

Picture of a Whale-boat thrown into a Whale's Mouth.

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View of a Sabbath-keeping Whale Ship.

View of a Sabbath-keeping Whale Ship.

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Picture of the Com. Preble Homeward Bound.

Picture of the Com. Preble Homeward Bound.

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Matthew Calbraith Perry

Narrative of the expedition of an American squadron to the China Seas and Japan : performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, under the command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy, ....

1856.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Chart of the Bonin Group of Islands.
Vignette of a Bonin Island Native.
Natural Tunnel, Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.
Kanaka Village Bonin Islands.
Valley near South East Bay, Peel Island, Bonin Group.
South East Bay, Peel Island.
Stapleton Island.
Port Lloyd and Bonin Islands.

Chart of the Bonin Group of Islands.

Chart of the Bonin Group of Islands.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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Vignette of a Bonin Island Native.

Vignette of a Bonin Island Native.

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Natural Tunnel, Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.

Natural Tunnel, Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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Kanaka Village Bonin Islands.

Kanaka Village Bonin Islands.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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Valley near South East Bay, Peel Island, Bonin Group.

Valley near South East Bay, Peel Island, Bonin Group.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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South East Bay, Peel Island.

South East Bay, Peel Island.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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Stapleton Island.

Stapleton Island.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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Port Lloyd and Bonin Islands.

Port Lloyd and Bonin Islands.

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William M. Davis.

Nimrod of the sea; or, The American whaleman.

1874.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

page
In the Whale's Jaw. Frontispiece
Title Page Image. Title page
"Been Aboard the Chelsea Yet". 16
"There She Blows!" 28
Struck on a Breach. 38
Nantucket Schooling. 47
Light-House, Sankaty Head. 49
The Sea Beyond the Shining Wall. 60
Captain Folger's Luck. 69
In a School. 74
"Cutting In". 79
Bailing the "Case". 83
Trying Out. 88
The Prisoner. 98
Tropical Growths. 116
Corals and Madrepores. 120
Some Fish. 123
Eight-Armed Cuttle-Fish (Sepia Octopus).145
Memorial Picture. 152
Outlines of Sperm-Whale. 168
Whale "Breaching". 172
A Nimrod of the Sea. 196
A Land-Shark. 201
Water-Spout. 242
Lancing. 272
A Stove Boat. 286
Carcass Adrift. 331
Section of Right Whale's Head (Mouth Shut).370
Section Across Right Whale's Head (Mouth Open). 373
Going on Right Whale. 379
Just Landed. 394
Ne Plus Ultra. 395

In the Whale's Jaw.

In the Whale's Jaw.

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Title page image.

Title page image.

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Been Aboard The Chelsea Yet?

Been Aboard The Chelsea Yet?

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There She Blows!

"There She Blows!"

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Struck on a Breach

Struck on a Breach.

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Nantucket Schooling

Nantucket Schooling.

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Light-House, Sankaty Head

Light-House, Sankaty Head.

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The Sea Beyond The Shining Wall.

The Sea Beyond the Shining Wall.

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Captain Folger's Luck

Captain Folger's Luck.

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In A School

In a School.

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Cutting In

"Cutting In".

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Bailing The Case

Bailing the "Case".

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Trying Out

Trying Out.

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The Prisoner

The Prisoner.

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Tropical Growths

Tropical Growths.

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Corals And Madrepores

Corals and Madrepores.

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Some Fish

Some Fish.

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Eight-Armed Cuttle-Fish (Sepia Octopus)– Front View

Eight-Armed Cuttle-Fish (Sepia Octopus).– Front View.

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Memorial Picture

Memorial Picture.
Facsimile of the Commemorative Painting in the Church of St. Maloe, France.

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Outlines Of Sperm-Whale

Outlines of Sperm-Whale.

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Whale Breaching

Whale "Breaching."

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A Nimrod Of The Sea

A Nimrod of the Sea.

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A Land Shark

A Land Shark.

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Water-Spout

Water-Spout.

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Lancing

Lancing.

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a stove boat

a stove boat.

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carcass adrift

carcass adrift.

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Section of Right Whale's Head (Mouth Shut)

Section of Right Whale's Head (Mouth Shut).

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Section Across Right Whale's Head (Mouth Open)

Section Across Right Whale's Head (Mouth Open).

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Going on Right Whale

Going on Right Whale.

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Just Landed

Just Landed.

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Ne Plus Ultra.

"Ne" Plus Ultra."

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Harper's New Monthly Magazine.

"Huntsmen of the Sea"

Volume 49, Issue 293, October 1874. pp. 650-661.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

A Nimrod of The Sea.
"There She Blows!"
Struck on a Breach.
In the Whale's Jaws.
"Cutting In."
Carcass Adrift.
Bailing the "Case".
"Trying Out."

A Nimrod of the Sea

A Nimrod of the Sea.

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There She Blows!

"There She Blows!"

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Struck On A Breach

Struck on a Breach.

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In the Whale's Jaws

In the Whale's Jaws.

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Cutting In

"Cutting In."

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Carcass Adrift

Carcass Adrift.

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Bailing the Case

Bailing the "Case".

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Trying Out

"Trying Out."

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Alexander Starbuck

History of the American Whale Fishery from its Earliest Inception to the Year 1876

1878.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Diagram for Cutting In from Scammon's "Marine Mammalia".
Plate I.* Fig. 1. The Sperm Whale, Physeter macrocephalus, Lin. Found everywhere in the warmer seas.
Fig. 2. The California Gray Whale, Rhachianectes glaucus Cope. Arctic Seas to Lower California.
Fig. 3. The North Pacific Hump-back, Megaptera versabilis Cope. Arctic Seas to Lower California.

Plate II. Fig. 4. The Sulphur-bottom, Sibbaldius sulfureus Cope. Arctic Seas to California.
Fig. 5. The Finback, or Oregon Finner, Balaenoptera velifera Cope. Arctic Seas to California.
Fig. 6. The Pacific Right-whale, Balaena sieboldii, var. japonica Gray. Arctic, Bering, and Ochotsk Seas. Lower California. Japan †
Fig. 7. The Bow-head, or Great Polar Whale, Balaena mysticetua Lin. Bering, Ochotsk, and Arctic Seas.

Plate III. Bomb-lance gun. Plate IV. – Continued.
Bomb-lance. Diagram showing inside of
Greener's harpoon-gun.  bomb-lance.
Boat-flag or waif. Masthead-waif.
Boat-book. The whale-boat.
Paddle. Cutting-tackle toggled to
Boat-oar.  the blanket-piece.
Greener's gun-harpoon.
Greener's gun-harpoon. Plate V. Head-spade.
Boat-spade. Cutting-spade.
Toggle harpoon. Bone-spade.
One-flued harpoon. Gaff.
Hand-lance. Blubber-pike.
Boat-knife. Boarding-knife.
Boat-hatchet. Sheath.
Tub-oar crotch.
Boat-compass. Plate VI. Fin-chain.
Rowlock. Blubber-hook.
Boat-grapnel. Mincing-knife.
Boat-piggin. Head-strap.
Boat-keg. Throat-chain toggle.
Boat-bucket. Toggle.
Lantern-keg. Blubber-fork.
Line-tub. Stirring-pole.
Skimmer.

Plate IV.  Pierce's harpoon bomb-lance Bailer.
 gun. Fire-pike.
Bomb-lance.

Portrait of Alexander Starbuck.

      * The figures of whales and of apparatus used in the whale-fisheries are taken from the important and remarkably interesting volume entitled "The Marine Mammals of the Northwestern Coast of North America described and illustrated; together with an account of the American Whale-Fishery." By Charles M. Scammon, Captain United States Revenue Marine. San Francisco: John H. Carmany & Co. New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons. 1874. 4to. 27 plates.

Diagram for Cutting In from Scammon's

Diagram for Cutting In from Scammon's "Marine Mammalia"†.

      † The difference between "head" and "body" matter of the sperm whale can be best understood by reference to the following description of cutting in and diagram copied from Scammon's "Marine Mammalia:" "The first procedure after the animal is fastened to the ship, is to cut a hole through the blubber, between the eye and fin, at A, as seen in the accompanying outline sketch, then, after cutting the scarfs on each side and around the end of the first blanket-piece, a blubber-hook, attached to one of the cntting-tackles, is inserted into the hole at A, and the piece raised by means of the tackle until the whale is rolled on its side; then the line of separation between the upper jaw and junk is cut, as from L to C, and if a large whale, the line of separation is cut between the junk and case, as from B to E, and a cut is made across the root of the case from E to F; a scarf is also made around the root of the lower jaw, from near the corner of the month to G. A chain-strap is then put on the jaw near H and hooked or shackled to the second cutting-tackle, and raised by that purchase, while the other tackle attached to the piece is slackened off, if need be, so as to let the whale roll upon its back; when, by means of the tackle attached, and by cutting away the tongue and the adhering flesh, the jaw is wrenched from its socket and placed on deck. This being accomplished, the first tackle, which is attached to the piece, is hove up by means of the windlass, until the whale is rolled over to its opposite side, when the lines of separation are cut to correspond to those made opposite. Holes are then mortised through the head close to the upper jaw-bone, near I, at the end of the junk, near J, and at the root of the case, near K, and through these holes straps are rove, and lines are made fast to those of the junk and case. The second cutting-tackle is then hooked in the strap which is around the upper jaw at I; the fluke-chain is slackened off, and the first tackle fastened to the piece is lowered, when all hands heave on the head-tackle, forcing the whale down again, and thus bringing the creature's head up, and the body nearly to a vertical position. The officers upon the cutting-stage with their keen spades cat away between the bones and junk from L to C, and the enormous weight of the whole fatty mass of the head hanging down opens the gash between it and the skull-bone; then, cutting cross the end of the junk and root of the case, from E to F, completes the process of cutting off the head, which is temporarily made fast to the ship's quarter. The fluke-chain is then hauled in again, and the blubber is rolled from the body in the same manner as that of a baleen-whale, until coming to the region of the small, when it is uujointed just behind the vent, and the remaining posterior portion of the animal is hoisted on board in one mass. The head, as it is termed, is then hauled up to the gangway, and one of the tackles is hooked into the ,junk-strap at J, and by means of this cutting-tackle purchase, the head is taken in whole, if the whale is under forty barrels; but if over that size, it is raised suflieiently out of the water to cut the junk from the case, when it is hoisted on deck. The case is then secured by one or both tackles, hove up to the plank-sheer, and an opening is made at ts root, of a suitable size to admit the case-bucket, when the oil is bailed out, or the whole case is hove in on deck before being opened; which finishes the cutting-in of a sperm-whale." The "head" or case oil is, when bailed out, as clear and limpid as water, but after a short time thickens and hardens into a mass as purely white as the newly fallen snow. The body oil is of a coarser nature. For all practical purposes, the general principles of "cutting-in" the sperm-whale will apply to the same process in regard to the right or bone whale; and for a thorough description of these cetaceans, the implements used in their capture, and the saving of the oil, the work quoted above will be found an excellent authority.

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Plate I.

Plate I.

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Plate II.

Plate II.

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Plate III.

Plate III.

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Plate IV.

Plate IV.

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Plate V.

Plate V.

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Plate VI.

Plate VI.

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Photograph of Alexander Starbuck.

Photograph of Alexander Starbuck.

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Lionel Berners Cholmondeley.

The history of the Bonin Islands from the year 1827 to the year 1876, and of Nathaniel Savory, one of the original settlers; to which is added a short supplement dealing with the islands after their occupation by the Japanese.

1915.

List of Illustrations

The Lohala Palm  Frontispiece
Map Showing Position of the Bonin Islands.
The Bonin Islands.
Bonin Islands — The Harbour facing Page 20
Bonin Islands — A View Of The Coast facing Page 20
Native's House  facing Page 40
Bonin Islands — Post Office And Main Streetfacing Page 40
Ototijima(North Island) — Schoolhouse facing Page 60
Chichijima — The Jetty facing Page 60
Sugar Cane  facing Page 92
Bonin Baskets  facing Page 92
Chichijima — Landing Place facing Page 120
Japanese Men-Of-War In The Bonin Harbour facing Page 120
Crushing The Sugar Cane facing Page 156
A Sugar Mill Shed facing Page 156
St. George's Church, Bonin Islands facing Page 176

The Lohala Palm

The Lohala Palm.

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Map Showing Position of the Bonin Islands.

Map Showing Position of the Bonin Islands.

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The Bonin Islands.

The Bonin Islands.

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Bonin Islands. The Harbour.

Bonin Islands. The Harbour..

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Bonin Islands. A View of the Coast

Bonin Islands. A View of the Coast.

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Native's House.

Native's House.

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Bonin Island. Post Office and Main Street.

Bonin Island. Post Office and Main Street.

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Ototojima (North Island).

Ototojima (North Island).

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Chichijima. The Jetty.

Chichijima. The Jetty.

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Sugar Cane.

Sugar Cane.

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Bonin Baskets.

Bonin Baskets.

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Chichijima. Landing Place.

Chichijima. Landing Place.

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Japanese Men of War in the Bonin Harbour.

Japanese Men of War in the Bonin Harbour.

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Crushing the Sugar Cane

Crushing the Sugar Cane

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A Sugar Mill Shed

A Sugar Mill Shed

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S. George's Church, Bonin Islands.

S. George's Church, Bonin Islands.

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Verrill, Alpheus Hyatt, 1871-1954.

The Real Story of the Whaler: Whaling, Past and Present.

1916.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Out of Commission. Frontispiece
Title Page Vignette. Title page
Franklin's Map of the Gulf Stream Made from a Whaleman's Sketch. 3
The Whalemen's Bethel and Seamen's Home at New Bedford. facing page 4
An Old Outfitting Shop in New Bedford. facing page 6
Where the Whalemen Lived. facing page 6
In a Fairhaven Slip. facing page 8
A Street in Old Fairhaven. facing page 8
Skeleton of a Right Whale Showing Comparative Size of Man. 13
Various Kinds of Whales. 14
Right Whale to Show Whalebone. Sperm Whale Showing Teeth. 16
Jaws of Right Whale Showing Whalebone. Lower Jaw of Sperm Whale Showing Teeth. 17
The Sperm Whale's Food; Giant Squid. 19
Eskimos Catching White Whales. 27
Where the Whalers Cruised. 30
Shore Whaling on Cape Cod. 32
Harpoons or "Irons". 35
Darting Gun and Bomb Lance Combined. 38
Darting and Shoulder Guns in Whaling. 39
Cutting-in Tackle. 41
Cutting-in Sperm Whale. 42
Hoisting in the Case and Junk of a Sperm Whale. facing page 42
Hoisting in the Lower Jaw of a Sperm Whale. facing page 42
Tools and Appliances Used in Cutting-in a Whale. 43
Spades. 44
Right Whaling. Cutting-in the Bone. facing page 46
Bailing the Case of a Sperm Whale. 47
Cutting-in Right Whale or Bowhead. 48
Cutting a Right Whale from the "Stage". facing page 50
Getting in the Head of a Right Whale. facing page 50
Cutting-in a Right Whale. 51
The Mary and Helen of New Bedford. 55
The Amelia of New Bedford. 57
Deck and Sectional Plan of Schooner Amelia. 58
Deck and Sectional Plan of the Whaling Bark Alice Knowles. 59
The Return of the Fleet. facing page 60
Whaleship "Hove Down" for Repairs. facing page 60
Whaleships Fitting Out for Their Cruises. facing page 60
Reproduction of First Page of the Whalemen's Shipping List. 70
Whaleboat with Equipment as Used when Chasing Whales. facing page 72
Section of Whaleboat. 74
Deck View of Whaleboat and Equipment. 76
Whaleboat Gear. 78
Whaleboats in Position on a Whaling Vessel. 79
Outward Bound. facing page 98
Sperm Whaling. "Going On" a Whale. facing page 104
Fast. Killing the Whale with a Bomb Lance. facing page 108
Killing a Sperm Whale with a Lance. facing page 110
Cutting-in a Sperm Whale. facing page 126
The Sinking of the Bark Kathleen After Being Rammed by a Whale. facing page 126
The Loss of the Arctic Fleet in 1871. facing page 158
Symbols Used by Whalemen in Their Log-books. 165
A Sketch Made by a Whaleman in His Log-book. 167
Portion of Log of Ship William Blake.[sic] 169
Illustration from the Log of the Ohio - 1. 183
Illustration from the Log of the Ohio - 2. 184
Illustration from the Log of the Ohio - 3. 185
Scrimshawed Whales' Teeth Carved by Whalemen. facing page 192
Jagging Wheels Carved from Whales' Teeth, Bone, etc. by the Whalemen. 196
Back from a Cruise. facing page 220
Indian Whalers of Northwest Coast Attacking Whales in Juan de Fuca Strait. 223
page
Eskimos Attacking Whales in Behring Sea. 228
The Famous Stone Fleet which was Sunk to Blockade Southern Ports. facing page 230
The Last of the New Bedford Whaling Fleet. facing page 236
A Typical Whaling Schooner of To-day. facing page 240
Whaling Rocket Used on Northwest Coast in Shore Whaling. 243
Hand Iron or Harpoon Used by the Yankee Whalemen and Harpoon Used in Guns by Steam Whalers to Show Comparative Sizes 244
Merrill's Wharf of the Past facing page 244
Merrill's Wharf of the Present, 1915 facing page 244
New Bedford's Tribute to Her Whaling Sons. facing page 248

Out of Commission. Bark Charles W. Morgan, Built in 1841

Out of Commission. Bark Charles W. Morgan, Built in 1841.
One of New Bedford's famous old whalers and now, 1915,
fitting out for a voyage to the South Shetlands for sea elephant oil.

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title page vignette

Title Page Vignette.

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Franklin's Map Of The Gulf Stream Made From A Whaleman's Sketch

Franklin's Map of the Gulf Stream Made from a
Whaleman's Sketch.

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The Whalemen's Bethel And Seamen's Home At New Bedford

The Whalemen's Bethel and Seamen's Home at New Bedford.

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An Old Outfitting Shop In New Bedford

An Old Outfitting Shop in New Bedford.
This is on the Hetty Green property.

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Where The Whalemen Lived

Where the Whalemen Lived.
Old boarding-houses and sharks' stores in New Bedford.

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In A Fairhaven Slip

In a Fairhaven Slip.

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A Street In Old Fairhaven

A Street in Old Fairhaven.

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Skeleton Of Right Whale Showing Comparative Size Of Man

Skeleton of Right Whale Showing Comparative Size of Man.
A – bones which represent legs.

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Various Kinds Of Whales

Various Kinds of Whales.
1 – Sperm whale. 2 – California gray whale. 3 – Humpback whale. 4 – Sulphur-bottom whale. 5 – Bowhead. 6 – Finback whale. 7 – Right whale.

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Right Whale To Show Whalebone / Sperm Whale Showing Teeth

1 – Right Whale to Show Whalebone.
2 – Sperm Whale Showing Teeth.

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Jaws Of Right Whale Showing Whalebone. Lower Jaw Of Sperm Whale Showing Teeth.

A – Jaws of Right Whale Showing Whalebone.
B – Lower Jaw of Sperm Whale Showing Teeth.

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The Sperm Whale's Food; Giant Squid.

The Sperm Whale's Food; Giant Squid.

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Eskimos Capturing White Whales.

Eskimos Capturing White Whales.

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Where the Whalers Cruised.

Where the Whalers Cruised.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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Shore Whaling On Cape Cod

Shore Whaling On Cape Cod.
Capturing a school of blackfish or grampus.

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Harpoons Or Irons

Harpoons or "Irons"

1 – Style in general use; 2 – How iron "toggles" when in whale; 3 – Hinged toggle-iron; 4 – Iron used in striking porpoises, etc.

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Darting Gun And Bomb-Lance Combined

Darting Gun and Bomb-Lance Combined.

A  – Gun barrel about 20 inches long.
B  – Ordinary iron pole fitted in brass socket c; b. Breechpin and lock-case.
C  – Harpoon with whale line e attached, and set in projections d, d on the gun; d. Bomb-lance fired from barrel a. The harpoon upon entering the whale brings the wire rod g in contact with the whale and thus releases the trigger.
F  – Lever for cocking the gun. h. Line by which gun is hauled back to boat.

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Darting And Shoulder Guns Used In Whaling

Darting and Shoulder Guns Used in Whaling.

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Cutting-In Tackle.

Cutting-In Tackle.

1  – Lower block strapped with rope a, a, a and blubber-hook g shackled into grommet d. The ropes c, c, c, are for handling block easily and the back-lashing h is held by the officer when directing the point of hook into hole in blubber.
2  – Upper-blocks, b; guy-block, c; pendant-shackles, a, and links.
3  – Lower-blocks, b strapped with chain d and sister-hooks c into which tail may be coupled by means of link e.
4  – Cutting-tackle hung from mast. It is guyed out by guy-block and rope c, and end of cutting-falls e are led to windlass.
5  – Small blubber-hook used in handling blubber on deck.

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Cutting-In Sperm Whale

Cutting-In Sperm Whale (See text.)

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Hoisting in the Case and Junk of a Sperm Whale.

Hoisting in the Case and Junk of a Sperm Whale.

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Hoisting In The Lower Jaw Of A Sperm Whale.

Hoisting in the Lower Jaw of a Sperm Whale.

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Tools And Appliances Used In Cutting-In A Whale.

Tools and Appliances Used in Cutting-In a Whale.

Fig. 1.Blubber-mincing knife.    Fig. 6. Throat-chain.
Fig. 2.Boarding knife.    Fig. 7. Fin-chain.
Fig. 3.Monkey-belt.    Fig. 8. Head-strap.
Fig. 4.Wooden toggle.    Figs. 9.Blubber-hooks.
Fig. 5.Chain strap.    

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Spades.

Spades.

1  – Boat spade b and sheath a used to disable a running whale.
2  – Narrow cutting-spade or thin boat-spade.
3  – Flat- or round-shank spade used to cut holes for "head-strap" for hoisting head of bowhead on board and to remove throat bone.
4  – Cutting-spade for cutting the scarfs in blubber.
5  – Cutting-spade for "leaning up."
6  – Half-round spade.

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Right Whaling. Cutting-In The Bone.

Right Whaling. Cutting-In The Bone.

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Bailing The Case Of A Sperm Whale.

Bailing the Case of a Sperm Whale.
This method is used when the head is too large to hoist on deck.

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Cutting-In A Right Whale Or Bowhead.

Cutting-In a Right Whale or Bowhead.

A   – Fluke-chain adjusted to the "small."
B   – Fin-chain fastened around left fin.
C   – Ring of fin-chain into which blubber-hook is fastened to raise fin and blanket-piece (the starting point when unwinding blubber from the whale).
D   – Hole in root of lip into which blubber-hook is inserted to hoist lip on board ship.
F-G  – Scarf to detach and hoist lower lip.
E-H  – Scarf cut from fin below and forward of eye to blow-holes H on head.
E-I  – Scarf from fin E to back of whale L.
J-K  – Scarf cut in removing blubber while whale is being rolled. (The other spiral lines show final scarfs.) L-Hole mortised in head for head-chain.
M   – One method of hoisting head by head-chain and `toggles, the chain being passed through the blow-holes.
M, M (Fig 2).  – Newer and better method of hoisting head by use of chain strapped blocks. Tail of chain passed through from H, under several feet of blubber to and through the hole cut at L and then coupled to sister-hooks on the lower block.
N   – Cutting made by man with an ax (while overboard) in order to detach the head bone.
0   – Lower edge of bone which is very thin and requires only light strokes to free it.
P   – Markings showing where the spade is inserted to start the throat bone in detaching head.
Q  – Where the hole is made in throat in order to haul it on board.
R  – Throat-chain and toggle by which throat is sometimes taken on board.
S  – Dotted line to show where backbone is cut to lessen strain on windlass when taking off blubber.
T  – Wide section of blanket-piece which is trimmed down by boarding-knife when taking blubber on board.

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Cutting A Right Whale From The Stage.

Cutting a Right Whale from the "Stage".

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Getting In The Head Of A Right Whale.

Getting in the Head of a Right Whale.

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Cutting-In A Right Whale.

Cutting-In a Right Whale.
Upper jaw and bone being hoisted on board. Note man with spade on cutting-stage; blanket-piece back of bone and try-works from which smoke is rising.

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The Mary And Helen Of New Bedford.

The Mary and Helen 0f New Bedford.
A typical whaling bark equipped with auxiliary steam power.

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The Amelia Of New Bedford.

The Amelia of New Bedford.
A typical whaling schooner.

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Deck And Sectional Plan Of Schooner Amelia

Deck and Sectional Plan of Schooner Amelia.

Deck: 1 – Bowsprit-heel. 3 – Windlass and bitts. 4 – Forecastle companionway. 5 – Fluke-chain bit. 6 – Foremast. 7 – Cable-boxes. 8 – Try-pots. 9 – Try-works. 10 – Chimneys or try-work pipes. 11 – Cooler. 12 – Scrap-hopper. 13 – Main hatch. 14 – Foresheet block. 15 – Mainmast. 16 – Pumps. 17 – After hatch. 18 – Galley. 19 – Deck steps. 20 – Cabin skylight. 21 – Cabin companion. 22 – Binnacle. 23 – Wheel. 24 – Cutting-in gangway. 25 – Fore channels. 26 – Main Channels. 27 – Cutting-in gangway. 28 – Boats. 29 – Skids for spare boats. 30 – Boat davits. 31 – Cat-heads.
Section: 1 – Bowsprit. 2 – Paul-bitt. 3 – Windlass. 4 – Forecastle companionway. 5 – Foremast. 6 – Forecastle. 7 – Chain-cable box. 8 – Try-pots. 9 – Try-works. 10 – Chimney. 11 – Main hatch. 12 – Coal-locker. 13 – Casks for oil. 14 – Ship stores, gear, etc. 15 – Captain's storeroom. 16 – Cabin. 17 – Steerage. 18 – Mainmast. 19 – After hatch. 20 – Galley. 21 – Cabin skylight. 22 – Cabin companion. 23 – Whaleboat. 24 – Steering gear. 25 – Stern boat. 26 – Spare oars, spars, etc. 27 – Boat-davits. 28 – Boat-bearers. 29 – Main hold. 30 – Catheads. 31 – Cutting-blocks, gear, etc. 32 – Pumps. 33 – Main channels. 34 – Fore channels.

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Deck And Sectional Plan Of The Whaling Bark Alice Knowles.

Deck and Sectional Plan of the Whaling Bark Alice Knowles.

Deck: 1 – Bowsprit-heel. 2 – Pawl-bitt. 3 – Catheads. 4 – Windlass. 5 – Forecastle companion. 6 – Fluke-chain bitt. 7 – Foremast. 8 – Fore hatch. 9 – Trypots. 10 – Try-works. 11 – Cooler. 12 – Scrap-hopper. 13 – Work-bench. 14 – Chimney. 15 – Main hatch. 16 – Mainmast. 17 – Pumps. 18 – Deck-house. 19 – Spare boats. 20 – Galley. 21 – Mizzen-mast. 22 – Cabin skylight. 23 – After deckhouse. 24 – Wheel. 25, 26 – Channels. 27 – Cutting-in gangway. 28 – Whaleboats. 29 – Davits. 30 – Mizzen chains. 31 – Bit for belly-chain on whale.
Interior: 1 – Bowsprit. 2 – Pawl-bitt. 3 – Cathead. 4 – Windlass. 5 – Figure-head. 6 – Forecastle companion. 7 – Hawse-chocks. 8 – Foremast. 9 – Forecastle. 10 – Forehold with shooks, gear, etc. 11 – Casks for oil. 12 – Casks for oil. 13 – Fore 'tween decks. 14 – Blubber-room. 15 – Try-works. 16 – Steerage. 17 – Chain-locker and pumps. 18 – After hold with stores, gear, etc. 19 – Captain's stores, etc. 20 – Captain's cabin. 21 – Galley. 22 – Skids for spare boats. 23 – Mainmast. 24 – Mizzen-mast. 25 – After-house. 26 – Boat-davits. 27 – Whaleboats. 28 – Boat-bearers. 29 – Main hatch. 30 – Fore hatch. 31 – Booby hatch. 32 – Cabin skylight. 33 – Wheel. 34 – Boat-cranes. 35 – Lower main hold. 36 – After 'tween decks.

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The Return Of The Fleet.

The Return of the Fleet.

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Whaleship Hove Down For Repairs.

Whaleship "Hove Down" for Repairs.

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Whaleships Fitting Out For Their Cruises.

Whaleships Fitting out for Their Cruises.

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Reproduction Of First Page Of The Whalemen's Shipping List.

Reproduction of First Page of the Whalemen's Shipping List.

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Whaleboat With Equipment As Used When Chasing Whales.

Whaleboat with Equipment as Used when Chasing Whales.

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Section of whale boat

Section of Whaleboat.

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Deck View Of Whaleboat And Equipment.

Deck View of Whaleboat and Equipment.

A, First iron resting in bow-chocks with handle in boat-crotch.
B, Second iron.
C, c, Spare irons.
D, D, D, Hand lances.
E, Boat spade.
F, G, Harpooner's oar.
H, Bow-oar.
I, Mid-ship oar.
J, Tub-oar.
K, Stroke-oar.
L, Steering-oar.
M, M, M, Paddles.
N, Small tub and line.
O, Large tub and line.
P, P, P, Tow-line extending aft from large tub around loggerhead and forward across thwarts to box of boat (4) where it is coiled and known as "box-warp" (P, P) thence extending to eye-splice of first iron.
Q, Q, Mast and sail.
R, Steering-oar-brace.
S, Lashing or strap for handle of steering-oar when not in use or fast to a whale.

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Whaleboat Gear.

Whaleboat Gear.

1 – Lantern keg containing matches, bread, tobacco, etc. 2 – Compass. 3 – Fresh-water keg. 4 – Piggin for bailing. 5 – Waif. 6 – Tub-oar crotch (this ships through cleat in gunwale to clear oar from line when fast to a whale). 7 – Double oarlock used as last. 8 – Large tub and line. 9 – Knife for cutting line when necessary. 10 – Rowlock. 11 – Hatchet. 12 – Grapnel. 13 – Drag. 14 – Canvas nipper to protect hands when hauling line.

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Whaleboats In Position On A Whaling Vessel.

Whaleboats in Position on a Whaling Vessel.

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Outward Bound.

Outward Bound.

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Sperm Whaling. Going On The Whale.

Sperm Whaling. "Going on" the Whale.

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Fast. Killing The Whale With A Bomb-Lance.

Fast. Killing The Whale With A Bomb-Lance.
In the distance a whaling schooner boiling.

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Killing A Sperm Whale With The Lance.

Killing a Sperm Whale with the Lance.

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Cutting-In A Sperm Whale.

Cutting-In a Sperm Whale.
From a model made by a whaleman.

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The Sinking Of The Bark Kathleen After Being Rammed By A Whale.

The Sinking of the Bark Kathleen after Being Rammed by a Whale.

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The Loss Of The Arctic Fleet In 1871.

The Loss of the Arctic Fleet in 1871.
From a sketch by one of the whalemen.

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Symbols Used By Whalemen In Their Log-Books.

Symbols Used by Whalemen in Their Log-Books.
1 – Sperm whale. 2 – Right whale or bowhead. 3 – Grampus. 4 – Porpoise. 5 – Boat lowered. 6 – Flukes up "sounded." 7 – Drew (escaped).

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A Sketch Made By A Whaleman In His Log-Book.

A Sketch Made by a Whaleman in his Log-Book.

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Portion Of Log Of Ship William Baker.

Portion of Log of Ship "William Baker."

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Illustration From The Log Of The Ohio - 1.

[Illustration from the Log of the Ohio] – 1.

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Illustration From The Log Of The Ohio - 2.

[Illustration from the Log of the Ohio] – 2.

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Illustration From The Log Of The Ohio - 3.

Illustration from the Log of the Ohio – 3.

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Scrimshawed Whale's Teeth Engraved By Whalemen.

Scrimshawed Whale's Teeth Engraved by Whalemen.

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Jagging Wheels, Carved From Whale's Teeth, Bone, Etc., By The Whalemen.

Jagging Wheels, Carved from Whale's Teeth, Bone, etc., by the Whalemen.

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Back From A Cruise.

Back from a Cruise.
Brig Viola stripped after returning from a voyage.

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Indian Whalers Of Northwest Coast Attacking Whales In Juan De Fuca Strait.

Indian Whalers of Northwest Coast Attacking Whales in Juan De Fuca Strait.

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Eskimos Attacking Humpback Whales In Behrings Sea.

Eskimos Attacking Humpback Whales in Behrings Sea.

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The Famous Stone Fleet Which Was Sunk To Blockade Southern Ports.

The Famous Stone Fleet which was Sunk to Blockade Southern Ports.

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The Last Of The New Bedford Whaling Fleet.

The Last of the New Bedford Whaling Fleet.

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A Typical Whaling Schooner Of To-Day.

A Typical Whaling Schooner of To-Day.

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Whaling Rocket Used On Northwest Coast In Shore Whaling.

Whaling Rocket Used on Northwest Coast in Shore Whaling.

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Hand Iron Or Harpoon Used By The Yankee Whalemen And Harpoon Used In Guns By Steam Whalers To Show Comparative Sizes.

Hand Iron or Harpoon Used by the Yankee Whalemen and Harpoon Used in Guns by Steam Whalers to Show Comparative Sizes.

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Merrill's Wharf Of The Past, 1870.

Merrill's Wharf of the Past, 1870.

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Merrill's Wharf Oe The Present, 1915.

Merrill's Wharf Of The Present, 1915.

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New Bedford's Tribute To Her Whaling Sons.

New Bedford's Tribute to Her Whaling Sons.

Charles Haskins Townsend.

The Galapagos tortoises in their relation to the whaling industry.

[1925]

Illustrations.

Fig. 20. Bark Morning Star of New Bedford. 56
Fig. 21. A Galapagos Tortoise (Testudo ephippium). 60
Fig. 22. Skeleton of Duncan Island tortoise (Testudo ephippium). 62
Fig. 23. The South American tortoise (Testudo tabulata). 72
Fig. 24. A page from the logbook of the whaleship Isabella of New Bedford. 74
Fig. 25. The Galapagos Islands ... From U.S. Navy Chart No. 1798. 75-76
Fig. 26. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) from Albemarle Island. 84
Fig. 27. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina). 88
Fig. 28. Vegetation near Blackbeach, Charles Island, Galapagos. 92
Fig. 29. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo abingdonii) from Abingdon Island. 94
Fig. 30. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) from Albemarle Island. 97
Fig. 31. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina), in a walking attitude. 100
Fig. 32. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) in action. 102

Bark Morning Star of New Bedford

Fig. 20. Bark Morning Star of New Bedford. At Albemarle Island, Galapagos, July 27 to August 5, 1858. At Chatham Island, Galapagos from June 27 to July 11, 1861. Total catch of tortoises, 212. Built at Dartmouth in 1853. 305 tons. Returned from last voyage in 1914. Crew on first voyage all Americans, on last voyage all Portuguese. Photograph by W.H. Tripp, 1914.

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A Galapagos Tortoise on the U.S.S. Albatross

Fig. 21. A Galapagos Tortoise (Testudo ephippium), on the U.S.S. Albatross. Found on Duncan Island in 1891 by C.H. Townsend. Now in the U.S. National Museum. Photograph by C.H. Townsend.

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Skeleton of Duncan Island tortoise (Testudo ephippium), as mounted in the U.S. National Museum

Fig. 22. Skeleton of Duncan Island tortoise (Testudo ephippium), as mounted in the U.S. National Museum. Collected in 1891 by C.H. Townsend.

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The South American tortoise (Testudo tabulata), with which the origin of the Galapagos tortoise is doubtless connected

Fig. 23. The South American tortoise (Testudo tabulata), with which the origin of the Galapagos tortoise is doubtless connected. Collected on the Isthmus of Darien in 1924 by Charles M. Breder. Now in the New York Zoological Park.

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A page from the logbook of the whaleship Isabella of New Bedford

Fig. 24. A page from the logbook of the whaleship Isabella of New Bedford. At hood Island, Galapagos in 1831. Between December 4 and 8, this vessel captured 335 tortoises.

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The Galapagos Islands. The small northern islands of Culpepper and Wenman omitted. From U.S. Navy Chart No. 1798.

Fig. 25. The Galapagos Islands. The small northern islands of Culpepper and Wenman omitted. From U.S. Navy Chart No. 1798.
[Click on image to view in larger format in a new window.]

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A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) from Albemarle Island, which has lived in the National Zoological Park at Washington for twenty-seven years. Straight length of carapace, two feet.

      Fig. 26. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) from Albemarle Island, which has lived in the National Zoological Park at Washington for twenty-seven years. Straight length of carapace, two feet. Photograph from the National Zoological Park.

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A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) drinking. From the New York Zoological Park.

Fig. 27. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) drinking. From the New York Zoological Park.

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Vegetation near Blackbeach, Charles Island, Galapagos.

Fig. 28. Vegetation near Blackbeach, Charles Island, Galapagos. Photograph by U.S.S. Albatross Expedition 1891.

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A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo abingdonii) from Abingdon Island. This specimen was among the first of these wonderful tortoises brought to the New York Zoological Park.

Fig. 29. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo abingdonii) from Abingdon Island. This specimen was among the first of these wonderful tortoises brought to the New York Zoological Park.

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A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) from Albemarle Island, which has lived twenty years in the New York Zoological Park.

Fig. 30. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) from Albemarle Island, which has lived twenty years in the New York Zoological Park. Weight when received 140 pounds. Present weight, 305 pounds. Photograph from the New York Zoological Park.

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A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina), in a walking attitude. This animal can easily carry a man weighing at least 150 pounds. It is very gentle and tractable, and follows the keepers like any domestic animal. From the New York Zoological Park.

Fig. 31. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina), in a walking attitude. This animal can easily carry a man weighing at least 150 pounds. It is very gentle and tractable, and follows the keepers like any domestic animal. From the New York Zoological Park.

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A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) in action. This is the same specimen as shown on page 97 [Fig. 30]. From the New York Zoological Park.

Fig. 32. A Galapagos tortoise (Testudo vicina) in action. This is the same specimen as shown on page 97 [Fig. 30]. From the New York Zoological Park.

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John M. Bullard, Editor / compiler.

Captain Edmund Gardner, of Nantucket and New Bedford : his journal and his family.

1958.

List of Illustrations

Lydia Hussey Gardner SpoonerFrontispiece
Facing
Page
The First Page of the Journal5
Story of the Sinking of the Union10
The Ship Maria15
Story of the Encounter with the Whale20
Portrait of Edmund Gardner by William A. Wall30
Edmund Gardner's House46
Last Page of the Original Journal55
Portrait of Susan Hussey Gardner by William A. Wall71
Last Page of the Second Section of the Journal81
Photograph of Edmund Gardner85
The Swain-Gardner Tankard89

front

Lydia Hussey Gardner Spooner.

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front

The First Page of the Journal.

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The story of the sinking of the Union

The story of the sinking of the Union.

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The Ship Maria on which Edmund Gardner served as an officer in his early years

The Ship Maria on which Edmund Gardner served as an officer in his early years.

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The story of the Encounter with the Whale

The story of the Encounter with the Whale.

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Portrait of Edmund Gardner by William A. Wall

Portrait of Edmund Gardner by William A. Wall
belonging to Henry Forster.

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Edmund Gardner's house on Walnut and Sixth Streets, New Bedford

Edmund Gardner's house on Walnut and Sixth Streets, New Bedford. The children on the left are Sarah S. Bullard and John T. Bullard, great grand-children of Edmund Gardner, and those on the right are Clara Allen and George H. H. Allen, his grandchildren.

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Last page of the original Journal

The last page of the original Journal.

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Portrait of Susan Hussey Gardner by William A. Wall belonging to Henry Forster

Portrait of Susan Hussey Gardner by William A. Wall belonging to Henry Forster.

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The last page of the second section of the journal.

The last page of the second section of the journal.

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Photograph of Edmund Gardner towards the end of his life, showing the crippled hand

Photograph of Edmund Gardner towards the end of his life, showing the crippled hand.

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The Swain-Gardner Tankard.

The Swain-Gardner Tankard.

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NOTES:

      This page reproduces the images included in books, articles and chapters transcribed for the Plough Boy Anthology of 19th Century American Whaling.

Last updated by Tom Tyler, Denver, CO, USA, September 26, 2018.